一、25种能源 太阳能、风能、水能、生物质能、地热 能、海洋温差、海洋波力能、海洋动力 能、煤炭、石油、天然气、油页岩、原 子核能 ·煤气、电力、蒸汽、液化气、汽油、重 油、柴油、沼气、电池、煤油、焦炭、 氢气

The number of abdominal segments: Primitively, abdomen is 11-segmented and the terminal segments are usually modified and/or diminished.原始昆虫腹部一般12节(11腹节+ 尾节) Most insects have 9 or 10 abdominal segments, but several of these are reduced

Welcome to the course, which is an introduction to cultural or sociocultural anthropology We will have two lectures and one discussion a week Most of the requirements (a final exam, series of six papers adding up to about twenty pages; at least an hour a week of discussion)is set by the MIT Humanities Distribution system

Ethnography 1. INTRO Originally people who studied cultures were amateurs who happened to either be particularly observant or who happened to travel a lot. Some of them did more or less what people did today. a. Ibn Khaldun was a famous Arab scholar who did observations of everyone, including the Vikings

1.单细胞植物,一个细胞代表了一个个体,一切生命活动,包括新陈代谢、 生长发育、繁殖,均由一个细胞完成。复杂的高等植物,一个个体由无数 细胞组成,细胞之间有了机能和形态结构的分工,相互依存、彼此协作, 共同保证有机体的正常生命活动

任何植物体,单细胞的藻类,到参天大树,都是通过细胞分裂,增加细胞的数目,使植物体能完成从生长发育到繁殖的整个生命过程。细胞分裂主要有三种方式:有丝分裂mitosis,无丝分裂 amitosis和减数分裂 meiosis

茎是植物体地上部分的骨干,茎上长叶的地方是节,两节之间 的部位是节间,节和叶之间的夹角称叶腋,叶腋有芽,茎顶端有 芽,或有鳞芽苞,叶脱落后在茎上留下的痕迹叫“叶痕”,叶痕上 可见“维管束痕”,芽鳞苞脱落后在茎也留下芽鳞苞痕

叶的生理功能:光合作用、蒸腾作用、吸收作用叶还有繁繁殖 功能,如落地生根、秋海棠,或变态为作用或变态为卷须具有攀援作 用、或为捕虫器,或退化为刺、刺,或退化为鳞片状、成为保护幼芽的结构

一、主要特征: 1.生境:一般生潮湿环境,石头、树木、土壤、墙壁上。热带、亚热带。 2.体态:叶状体:没有茎叶分化的片状植物体(苔类);茎叶体:有茎叶分化的植物体(藓类)

1.种子的形成和结构: (1) formation of embryo胚的形成(2N)外面产生纤 维素的细胞壁,经休眠横分裂成两个大小不等的细 胞,靠近珠孔端的细胞较长,高度液化,称为基细 胞,远珠孔端的细胞较小,细胞质较浓,称为顶端 细胞