General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

DEFINITION An acute inflammatory process of the pan￾creas usually associated with sever pain in the upper abdomen in most instances, blood levels of pancrea￾tic enzymes are increased sever acute pancreatitis: organs failure and/or local complications(necrosis, absc￾ess, psuedocyst)

一、吸烟 大于80% 的肺癌发病与吸烟有关 死亡相对危险度较不吸烟者高15-20倍 二、被动吸烟 25% 的不吸烟者肺癌与其有关

What is RA? RA is a chronic polyarticular inflammatory arthritis that involves not only small joints of the hands and feet but also systemic organs. Pathologic change: chronic synovitis with pannus (血管 翳)formation

Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material CO is formed as a by-product of burning organic compounds

一、急性心包炎 二、慢性缩窄性心包炎 三、慢性心包积液 四、粘连性心包炎

一、概述 二、病因及发病机制 三、临床表现 四、诊断及鉴别诊断 五、治疗及预后

Structure Upper Respiratory Tract Lower Respiratory Tract Terminal Respiratory Unite (anatomy ofthe Acinus) Circulation of the Lung

定义：由于炎症、粘液样变性、退行性改变、 先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、创伤、结缔组织疾 病等原因引起的单个或多个瓣膜结构（包括瓣 叶、瓣环、腱索或乳头肌）的功能或结构异常， 导致瓣口狭窄或关闭不全为主要临床表现的一 组心脏病

Pathological changes -- glomerular injury Clinical manifestations --proteinuria / hematuria A group of diseases Complicated causes & mechanisms Various clinical manifestations Different prognosis Multiple treatment