一、新生儿期细菌产生毒素 二、发病率、病死率较高

心包解剖及生理 病因 病理 病理生理改变 临床表现 辅助检查 诊断及鉴别诊断 治疗

一、定义(Diffination 二、病因及发病机理、( Etiology &Pathogenesis) (一)药物和食物因素 (二)应激状态

是一组多病原、多因素所致的疾病儿童是主要累及的人群,尤其是婴幼儿腹泻病是公共卫生问题腹泻病的定义

REGULAR PATTERN OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT continuous process Different rate of development in various systems General pattern Individual variance Puberty13yr(F)/15yr(M)

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Diseases of the Blood in Children Anemias Nutritional anemias (Iron deficiency iron) Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency Thalassemia Bleeding disorders(Hemorrhagic diseases) ITP Hemophilia

1. Causes Hypoxia Perinatal asphyxia, apnea, respiratory failure, right to left shunt Ischemia Heart arrest, Heart failure, Shock

Vitamin D roles Facilitate intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus Promote renal reabsorption of phosphorus Direct effect on bone deposition and reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus Maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis