GPS Observables Today's class we start discussing the nature of GPS observables and the methods used to make range and phase measurements Start with idea of remotely measuring distances

Potential field based coordinates: -Astronomical latitude and longitude -Orthometric heights (heights measured about an equipotential surface, nominally mean-sea-level

Coordinate Systems Today we cover: Definition of coordinates - Conventionalrealization of coordinates Modern realizations using spaced based geodetic systems (such as GPS)

so if t is the current time in a real time situation, we cannot compute ()for which is necessary since w, () is nonzero only for>0. But we showed earlier that

where is the linearized system matrix. But this requires the full(same number of equations as finite differencing). In =time when the nominal trajectory

Non-zero power at non-zero frequency If R(r) includes a sinusoidal component corresponding to the component x()=Asin(o41+6) where 0 is uniformly distributed over 2t, A is random independent of 0, that component will be

Summary of the subject (topics) 1. Brief review of probability a. Example applications 2. Brief review of random variables a. Example applications 3. Brief review of random processes a. Classical description b. State space description

一、目前为止的三种方法 二、在达到稳态之前对时间求积分 三、有限微分法 四、射击法 五、射击法 六、状态转移函数

一、简单回顾一维牛顿法 二、收敛性检验 三、多维牛顿法 四、基本算法

一、积分方程法 二、外部与内部问题 三、应用点源开始 四、二维标准解法 五、Galerkin法 六、配置法 七、三维形式 八、板积分