where is the linearized system matrix. But this requires the full(same number of equations as finite differencing). In =time when the nominal trajectory

Non-zero power at non-zero frequency If R(r) includes a sinusoidal component corresponding to the component x()=Asin(o41+6) where 0 is uniformly distributed over 2t, A is random independent of 0, that component will be

If a set of random variables X, having the multidimensional normal distribution is uncorrelated(the covariance matrix is diagonal, they are independent. The argument of the exponential becomes the sum over i of Thus, the distribution becomes a product of exponential

This is the main reason why use of the characteristic function is convenient This would also follow from the more devious reasoning of the density function for the sum of n independent random variables being the nth order convolution of the individual density functions-and the knowledge that convolution in the direct variable domain becomes multiplication in the transform domain

which we define as the correlation. Often we do not know the complete distribution, but only simple statistics. The most common of the moments of higher ordered distribution functions is the covarance

Summary of the subject (topics) 1. Brief review of probability a. Example applications 2. Brief review of random variables a. Example applications 3. Brief review of random processes a. Classical description b. State space description

实验目的: 1、了解示波器基本结构,熟悉示波器的调节和使用 2、学习用示波器观察电压波形和李萨如图形实验仪器:示波器函数信号发生器

湖泊和沼泽是大陆上相对静止的水体。其地质作 用以沉积作用为主。常形成如铁、锰、铝、煤、 石油和盐类等重要沉积矿产。湖泊和沼泽的沉积 明显地受气候、地形和构造运动等因素的影响。 并且湖泊还是调节河流流量和湖区附近气温的作 用。因此,对湖泊和沼泽地质作用的研究,不仅 对找寻矿产资源和现代湖泊和沼泽的利用具有重 要意义,而且还有助于分析硏究地质历史时期的 古地理、古气候、地壳运动特征提供重要证据

1.工程概况. 2.基本资料 3.设计原则 4.设计方法及内容

1.引言. 2.设计依据文件和规范 3.设计基本资料 4.水利水能计算 5.洪水调节计算. 6.电力电量平衡