一、诊所血压：标准测量方式。方便，常用 二、24小时动态血压：使用国际标准的装置 三、考虑：诊所血压变化大；与自测血压相差明显；低危者；疑有治疗抵抗；研究需要

一、定义 各种原因引起的肠道炎症性疾病。 二、（广义） 通常 所说的 炎症性肠病是溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis UC）和克罗恩病(Crohn’s diaease CD)

HEART FAILURE – the pathophysiological state in which the heart is unable to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirement of the metabolizing tissues or can do so only from an elevated filling pressure. – Usually caused by a defect in myocardial contraction (myocardial failure)

Overview Definition : Osteoporosis is a bone disease in which the amount of bone is decreased and the structural integrity of trabecular bone is impaired. Cortical bone becomes more porous and thinner. This makes the bone weaker and more likely to fracture

（一）熟悉骨质疏松症的概念、分型及发病机制 （二）掌握骨质疏松症的诊断、防治及药物治疗 （三）了解骨质疏松症的流行病学与病因学

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition involving a variety of cells including eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and epithelial cells of the airway, as well as cellular elements， which gives rise to the increase of airway hyper-reactivity. Extensive changeable and reversible ventilation restriction is common and can cause recurrent tachypnea, feeling of out of breath, and coughing

Endocrinology (1) Roughly a hundred years ago, Starling coined the term hormone to describe secretin, a substance secreted by the small intestine into the blood stream to stimulate pancreatic secretion. In his Croonian Lectures, Starling considered the endo￾crine and nervous systems as two distinct mechanisms for coordination and control of organ function

What is critical care medicine？ Multidisciplinary healthcare specialty cares for patients with acute, life￾threatening illness or injury which including continuum of life support from the scene through discharge Coordinated care systems, analysis of treatment options, protocols, guidelines for the care of individual patients

定义：由于炎症、粘液样变性、退行性改变、 先天性畸形、缺血性坏死、创伤、结缔组织疾 病等原因引起的单个或多个瓣膜结构（包括瓣 叶、瓣环、腱索或乳头肌）的功能或结构异常， 导致瓣口狭窄或关闭不全为主要临床表现的一 组心脏病

心（血管）内膜（瓣膜）感染 急性 (AIE)：毒力强，病程短，中毒症状明显 亚急性（SIE, SBE)：毒力低，病程长 自体瓣膜感染：native valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜感染：prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) 右心瓣膜感染性心内膜炎 right heart valve endocarditis: drug abuse, AIDS, catheterization