Chapter 9 Soil acid-base and redox reaction Section 1 The formation of soil acid-base The acid-base reaction of soil The acid-base reaction of soil is change in soil pH. Soil pH is probably the single most important chemical charecteristic of a soil. The knowledge of ph is needed to understand important chemical processes such as ion
Unit 10 Text B Advertising I, Teaching aims 1. Get students to master the following words and phrases Civil, device, effective, expand, highly, living, merely ,react, respond, trace, at the beginning of, be described as, be filled
Detailed study of the text 1. The idea of helping people comes naturally to most of As might be expected, most of us are willing to help others. Most of us will naturally think of helping others Come to sb. :(an idea) to enter someone's mind
I. Introductory Remarks Why do nations trade? They trade for many reasons. First, they trade because there are differences in natural resources in different parts of the world. The second reason is that pays to specialize, for specialization enables one country to produce some goods more cheaply than another country and brings benefits as one country shares their cheap goods with
1. Our company decided to the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been B) refuse C)assume 2. She is a musician than her brother A)much of B)much as C) more of
Binary dependent variables Recall the linear probability model, which can be written as P(=1x)=Bo+xB a drawback to the linear probability model is that predicted values are not constrained to be between 0 and An alternative is to model the proba、,s a function, G(Bo+xB), where 0
Fixed Effects estimation When there is an observed fixed effect. an alternative to first differences is fixed effects estimation Consider the average over time of y Bx1+…+Bxik+a1+l The average of a, will be ai so if you subtract the mean. a will be differenced out just as when doing first differences Economics 20- Prof anderson
Consistency e Under the Gauss-Markov assumptionS OLS IS BLUE, but in other cases it wont always be possible to find unbiased estimators o In those cases, we may settle for estimators that are consistent, meaning as n→>∞,the distribution of the estimator collapses to the parameter value Economics 20- Prof anderson
uiz2(11/7/03)-sar esti。ns rse and fiber-directi moduli for a transversely isotropic composite lamina 2. Plot and explain the variation of fiber-direction strength of a unidirectionally-reinforced lamina as a function of fib fraction