热辐射是物体因本身的温度而向外以电 磁波的形式发射能量的现象,是热量传 递的三种基本方式之 只要物体温度高于绝对零度,任何物体 都随时向周围空间发射电磁波,即热辐 射 通常,将波长为0.1~100m的电磁 波称为热射线,热射线运载的能量称为 辐射热

一、电场线(electric line of force) 1.定义: ~描述电场分布情况的曲线;能表示场强的方向和 大小的曲线

1 Introduction Background for New methodology Modern natural science methodology is mainly based on matter and energy Even though matter and energy are still necessitate factors in information system, yet the characteristic feature of information systems, particularly the complex ones, is neither matter nor energy but information Without information, the complex information systems, like brain and intelligent life. cannot be understood

1 Fundamentals of Control Theory N. Wiener: Control theory in engineering, whether it is Concerned with Man, animal or machine, can only be regarded as a part of the theory of information [(G) Controller

一般说来,质点运动时其加速度常随时间而 改变,但在有些情况下,质点的加速度可以 视为是恒定的,即其值和方向都不随时间而 变。如质点在地球表面附近运动、电荷在均 匀电场中的运动等,均属这种情况。 已知质点的初始运动状态及质点的 加速度来求质点的曲线运动方程,是属于运 动学的第二类问题~即已知运动状态求运动 方程的问题

List of contents From Knowledge to Strategy 2. Classical Model of Decision-Making 3. Information Theory of Decision-Making 4. Unified Theory

1. Information Processing Definition of Information processing All operations exerted to the information itself for its better utilization Information processing is necessary because most of the information in its original form may not be good for use. Thus information processing is the basis of later operations Two categories of information processing: 1)Shallow Level of Information Processing 2)Deeper level of Information Processing

3-1 Measures of Random Syntactic Information Shannon Theory of Information Key point: 1. Information is something that can be used to remove uncertainty. 2. The amount of information can then be measured by the amount of uncertainty it removed. 3. In the cases of communications, only waveform is concerned while meaning and value are ignored. 4. Uncertainty and thus information are statistic in nature and statistical mathematics is enough

Problems to be concerned with 1. How should we define the concept of Information 2. What are the typical features of Information compared with matter and energy 3. What are the relationship and difference between Shannon Information and comprehensive Information 4. How to reasonably classify Information 5. How to properly represent Information

1.1 Information science Definition of information Science Information Science is a trans-disciplinary science with information as its object in study; the laws in information process as its content information methodology as its approach; and the strengthening human information functions particularly the intellectual ability, as its goal