Concept A protective reflex that can be controlledconsciously Remove excessive secretion & foreignmaterial from the airway Initiated by miscellaneous stimuli or byvoluntary exertion. The most common respiratory symptom

Definition Clinically apparent increase in the interstitial (间质) fluid volume Weight gain precedes overt edema Weight loss in edematous patients before “dry weight Massive edema is called Anasarca

the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

In the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

一、临床资料 二、流行病学资料 三、实验室检查

一、代谢功能(90%蛋白、糖、脂、胆汁酸、胆红素、激素灭活及部分金属) 二、生物转化功能(氧化、还原、水解、结合) 三、分泌和排泄功能(胆汁途径)

第一节尿液分析(Urinalysis）

大连医科大学附属二院神经科：神经疾病的诊断（临床问查和辅助检查的关系）

Definition Frequent micturition: voiding at frequent intervals, due to a sense of bladder fullness Normal: 3-5 times in the day time 0-1 time in the night 200-400ml each time

Auscultation normal breath sound vesicular breath sound bronchial breath sound bronchovesicular breath sound