第十章财政政策与经济发展 第一节财政政策在经济发展中的作用与职能 第二节发展中国家的税收结构 第三节发展中国家的税收和税制改革 第四节发展中国家的财政支出

一、企业的本质特征; 二、会计存在的价值; 三、会计的产生与发展; 四、经济环境的发展与会计学科的演变;

Optimization See Sydsaeter(2005, Chapters 2, 3)and Chiang(1984, Chapters 9, 11, 12 and 21) Positive definite matrix Definite matrices are directly related to optimization. A symmetric matrix A is positive semi- definite(A≥0) if rAr≥0,Vx; positive definite(A>0)

(1)i(p, u) is zero homogeneous in p (2) substitution matrix: Dpi(p, u)<0 (3)symmetric cross-price effects: 23i(p 2=2z(p, u) (4) decreasing:=n≤0

Equilibrium price. Equilibrium allocation: x=xi(p,p·w2), Note: A p* for any >0 is also an equilibrium price. Offer curve: (p)(p, p. w;). The equilibrium is the intersection point of the offer curves. Excess demand function:

第四章复式记账原理及其应用 一、复式记账原理 二、借贷记账法 三、借贷记账法的应用

5. Oligopoly Oligopoly: Small number of firms: Firms depend on each other. Identical products: Firms jointly face a downward sloping industry demand No entry: Long-run positive profits are possible

8.1. Independent Firms The downstream firm's problem is max(a-bxc-wT The upstream firm's problem is max(a-2b)3-cr The output is 8.2. Integrated Firm Suppose now that the two firms merge into one firm. This firms problem is max(a-by)y

一、医用 二、食用 三、工业用 四、指示植物 五、农业用 六、观赏

Media and especially mass media like newspapers or magazines are characterised by a number of peculiarities which are interesting from both a theoretical and empirical point of view. The interrelationship of reader