定义 当某种物质接触或进入人体后，对组织器官发 生生物化学或生物物理作用，影响机体的正常 生理功能，引起机体功能性或器质性病理状态 的物质称为毒物。 工业性毒物、药物、农药、有毒动植物 毒物进入人体后，损害人体某些组织或器官的 生理功能或组织结构，从而引起一系列症状体 征，称为中毒

一、解剖位置深、一般不易损伤 二、血流供给丰富、易于出血 三、产生尿、输送尿的器官、可引起尿外渗 四、因为有血、有尿，有潜在的感染可能 五、复合伤多

学习目的： 1、了解传染病学的一些名词，概念。 2、掌握传染病的流行过程、影响因素，传染病的特征、防治原则

Wang Xiaochuan Children’s Hospital Immunocompromised Host Individual who has one or more defects in the body’s natural defense mechanisms which are sufficiently severe to predispose the host to life￾threatening infection Primary - PID, damage to anatomical barriers Secondary - infection, tumor, drug, others Physiology- Infants, aged

Vitamin D roles Facilitate intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus Promote renal reabsorption of phosphorus Direct effect on bone deposition and reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus Maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis

Definition PEM is a kind of malnutrition caused by inadequate dietary intake or some diseases, occurs commonly in children under 3 years of age

Overview 1. Definition of Accidental Trauma： Accident, Unexpected, Injuries Physically and/or Psychologically 1. Causes: physical, chemical, and biological factors 2. Main cause of mutilation and death in children globally

1. 意外伤害(Unintentional Injury) ：突然发生的事件对人体所造成的肉体和精神上的伤害，原因包括物理、化学和生物等各种因素，是儿童致伤、致残、致死的主要原因之一

Bacteremia： Bacteria invade into blood temporarily with flora <100 CFU/ml in blood Septicemia or Sepsis： Pathogens(bacteria or fungi) invade into blood,proliferate greatly,and release endotoxin Toxemia： Endotoxin absorbed into blood with no bacteria Septicopyemia：

Bacteremia： Bacteria invade into blood temporarily with flora <100 CFU/ml in blood Septicemia or Sepsis： Pathogens(bacteria or fungi) invade into blood,proliferate greatly,and release endotoxin Toxemia： Endotoxin absorbed into blood with no bacteria Septicopyemia：