Mission of Economists Gary Becker: believe that the main purpose of economics is to understand and help to alleviate poverty\ Who are the poor? How can one help?

Structure What causes monopoly Profit-maximizing- choices of monopoly Markup pricing Taxing monopoly Inefficiency of monopoly Natural monopoly(自然垄断)

Structure Market equilibrium Quantity tax and equilibrium Tax incidence税收分担) Deadweight loss(额外净损失)

Structure Market environments Market demand for a competitive firm Short-run- supply decision Upward sloping MC curve Shut- down condition Long -run- supply decision Comparing long-run- and short--run decisions Producer's' surplus and profits

Structure Economic profit Short-run- profit maximization -Comparative statics Long- run profit maximization Profit maximization and returns to scale Revealed profit maximization

The Theory of Economics does not furnish a body of settled conclusions immediately applicable to policy. It is a method rather than a doctrine. an apparatus of the mind, a technique of thinking which helps its possessor to draw correct conclusions John Maynard Keynes

Structure State contingent consumption(依情 形而定的消费) Preferences under uncertainty Attitudes toward risk State-contingent- budget constraint Choice under uncertainty Diversification and risk spreading

Information in Competitive Markets In purely competitive markets all agents are fully informed about traded commodities and other aspects of the market. What about markets for medical services, or insurance, or used cars?

本文从部门这个新角度分析了中国地区经济的增长和差异问题。分析表明,工业和 其他第三产业对省区劳动生产率增长的贡献高达75%。同时,中国省区经济增长有显著的发散,但 是省区发散并不意味着每个部门都是发散的,农业、工业、交通运输仓储邮电业和其他第三产业等部 门是微弱发散的,而批零贸易餐饮业则显示出了微弱的收敛趋势。地区差距的87%来源于工业和 其他第三产业

会计要素(包括资产、负债、所有者权益、收入、费用和利润六大会计要素)的内容 会计恒等式