I. Overview of Regulation 8.1 Major modes of regulation II. Regulation of Enzyme Activity (Posttranslational level regulation) 8.2 Noncovalent enzyme inhibition 酶活的非共价抑制 8.3 Covalent Modification of Enzyme 酶的共价修饰 III. DNA-Binding Proteins and Regulation of Transcription by Negative and Positive Control (Transcriptional level regulation) 转录水平调控

糖、脂、蛋白质等有机物质在活细胞内氧化分解，产生CO2、H2O并放出供给生物一切活动所需要的 能，这种作用称为生物氧化。生物氧化实际上是需氧细胞呼吸作用中的一系列氧化还原作用。生物氧化 在活细胞内进行，而且必须在有酶参加和在适宜的温度、pH等条件下进行，放出的能主要以ATP及磷酸 肌酸形式储存起来，供需要时使用

糖、脂类、蛋白质、核酸等的新陈代谢是一个完整统一的过程，是在各个反应过程相互作用与相互制 约下进行的。并且，错综复杂的代谢过程又是相互协调的，表现出生物机体对其代谢具有调节控制的机能

III. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USED IN VIVO 体内使用的抗微生物制剂 Selective toxicity选择毒性 Can be used internally可体内使用 Chemotherapeutic agents化学治疗剂 6.6 Synthetic Antimicrobial Drugs 人工合成的抗微生物药物 6.7 Antibiotics: Naturally occurring antimicrobial drugs 抗生素 IV. ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE AND DRUG DISCOVERY 抗药性与新药研制 6.8 Antimicrobial drug resistance

I. Physical Antimicrobial Control 6.1 Heat Sterilization 6.2 Radiation Sterilization 6.3 Filter Sterilization II. Chemical Antimicrobial Control Antiseptics防腐剂 Disinfectants消毒剂 Sterilants杀菌剂 6.4 Chemical Growth Control 6.4.1 Effect of antimicrobial agents on growth 6.4.2 Measuring antimcirobial activity 6.5 Chemical antimicrobial agents for external use

5.10 Effect of Temperature on Growth 5.11 Microbial growth at cold temperatures 5.12 Microbial growth at high temperatures 5.14 Osmotic Effects on Microbial Growth 渗透压影响 5.15 Oxygen and microbial growth Aerobes好氧菌 • Strict Aerobes专性好氧菌 • Microaerophiles微好氧菌 • Facultative aerobes兼性好氧菌 Anaerobes厌氧菌 • Aerotolerant anaerobes耐氧的厌氧菌 • Obligate (strict) anaerobes专性厌氧菌 5.16 Toxic forms of oxygen

糖类与食品的加工和贮藏，关系十分密切，如还原糖能使食品变褐；食品能保持有粘弹性是由于含有淀粉 与果胶等；至于食品中所具有的甜味，大部分也是由于糖类引起的

I. Bacterial Cell Division 5.1 Cell Growth and Binary Fission 5.2 Fts proteins and the cell division plane 5.3 Peptidoglycan synthesis and cell division 肽聚糖合成与细胞分裂 5.4 Growth terminology and the concept of exponential growth 5.5 The mathematics of exponential growth 5.6 The Growth Cycle 生长周期

18.10 Fungi 真菌 18.10.1 Fungal Physiology, Structure, and Symbioses 18.10.2 Fungal Reproduction and Phylogeny Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 18.10.3 Filamentous Fungi: Molds 18.10.4 Macroscopic Fungi: Mushrooms大型真菌:蘑菇 18.10.5 Unicellular 18.11 Algae 藻类 Fungi: Yeasts

I. Eukaryotic cell structure/ function and genetics 18.1 Eukaryotic cell 18.2 Respiratory Organelles: Mitochondrion & Hydrogenosome 18.3 Photosynthetic Organelle: Chloroplast叶绿体 18.4 Endosymbiosis: Relationships of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts to Bacteria内共生学说 18.5 Other Organelles and Eukaryotic Cell Structures 18.8 Phylogeny of the Eukarya 18.9 Protozoa 原生生物