Examined methods for measuring distances Examined GPS codes that allow a type of distance measurement and phase to be measured Examine how the range measurements are defined Use of carrier phase measurements Examine rinEx format and look at some \raw data

Basic concepts Basic problem: We measure range and phase data that are related to the positions of the ground receiver, satellites and other quantities How do we determine the \ best position for the receiver and other quantities What do we mean by best \ estimate?

Estimation · Summary Examine correlations -Process noise · White noise · Random walk First-order Gauss Markov Processes Kalman filters Estimation in which the parameters to be estimated are changing with time

Propagation Basics: - Signal, tagged with time from satellite clock, transmitted. - About66msec(20,000km) later the signal arrives at GPS receiver. Satellite has moved about 66 m during the time it takes signal to propagate to receiver

Propagation: lonospheric delay Summary -Quick review/introduction to propagating waves -Effects of low density plasma Additional effects -Treatment of ionospheric delay in GPS processing -Examples of some results

Mathematical models in GPS Review assignment dates (updated on class web page) Paper draft due Mon April 29 Homework 3 due Fri May 03 -Final class is Wed May 15. Oral presentations o papers. Each presentation should be 15-20 minutes, with additional time for questions. · Next three lectures:

Primary research programs Geophysical research GPS analysis packages GAMIT (GPS at MIT): Uses double differences GYPSY: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) processing packages: Uses one-way observables and explicitly estimates clocks Bernese: Developed at Astronomical Institute

Styles of kinematic GPS Kinematic GPS techniques go by a number of names with features that are often receiver specific Kinematic GPS: Early term which implies that there is no loss of lock while the receiver is moving. In survey mode, if loss of ock occurs the antenna must be returned to a point of know ocation

通过ALOS卫星PALSAR传感器获得的三景合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据,利用合成孔径雷达差分干涉(D-InSAR)技术对金沙江下游乌东德水电站库区内的滑坡活动进行了详细的研究,获得研究区域内地表高精度形变位移值.将其按滑动速率及位移大小进行分级显示,清晰地表明了研究区内不同区域的地面活动位移状态,辨识出研究区内可能发生滑动和发生滑动较大的区域,从而确定了滑坡活动的风险区.对库区内正处活动状态的L1R-6号滑坡进行了详细的研究.结果表明:D-InSAR技术与全球定位系统GPS在监测整体形变和运动趋势上基本一致.对D-InSAR结果存在的单点误差进行了分析,提出了D-InSAR与GPS相融合的栅格函数误差插值消减法,提高了D-InSAR技术的监测精度

Network Development of Network First measurements made in July 1992; just after start of International GPS Serviceigs). Since then measurements each year and often multiple campaigns per year. -The current network has over 1000 sites, many of them being recovery marks for the main