Alternative materials and fabrication techniques Applications in biology and chemistry Applications in medicine A real MTL example of rapid prototyping

Introductory Biology-Fall 2004 Instructors: Professor Eric Lander, Professor Robert A. Weinberg, Dr. Claudette Gardel Your Name:

Molecular Biology course CHAPTER 9: The mutability and repair of DNA

Chapter 1 Introduction to the cell Learning Objectives 1. About Cell Biology 2. Look briefly at the history of cell theory; 3. Consider the basic properties of cells; 4. Compare some characteristics of two different classes of cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes; 5.comprehend a special life: viruses

Ab initio =from the beginning in strictest sense uses first principles, not information about other protein structures In practice, all methods rely on empirical observations

Algorithms for detecting structure similarity Dynamic Programming works on 1D strings- reduce problem to this cant accommodate topological changes example: Secondary Structure Alignment Program(SSAP) 3D Comparison/Clustering

For a molecular simulation or model you need 1. a representation of the protein 2. An energy function 3. a search algorithm or optimizer

Review of protein structure hierarchy Nonpolar, Hydrophobic R-grou Primary structure Glycin (Gly, G) Aa,A≌ alina (VaL V. Leucine(Lou, L) Isoleucine{,非 MAAAAAAGPEMVRGQVE 20 amino acids Phenylalanine(Ph,月

Review of markov HMM Models for dna Markov Models for splice sites Hidden Markov models looking under the hood The Viterbi algorithm Real World HMMs

Markov Hidden markov models for dna Markov Models for splice sites Hidden Markov models looking under the hood The Viterbi algorithm Real World HMMs