本课件为医学院留学生有机化学中的价键理论课所作。

一个界面非常友好的应用程序，使用起来比RASMOL方便，用来同时分析几个蛋白PDB文件。可以将几个蛋白叠加起来用来分析结构类似性，比较活性位点或其它有关位点。通过菜单操作与直观的图形，可以很容易获得氢键、角度、原子距离、氨基酸突变等数据。

Chapter F13 Power notes Bonds Payable and Investments in Bonds Learning Objectives 1. Financing Corporations 2. Characteristics of Bonds Payable 3. The Present-Value Concept and Bonds Payable 4. Accounting for Bonds Payable 5. Bond Sinking Funds 6. Bond Redemption 7 Investments in bonds 8. Corporation Balance Sheet 9. Financial Analysis and Interpretation

Definitions Conjugated double bonds are separated by one single bond. Example: 1, 3-pentadiene. Isolated double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds. 1, 4-pentadiene. Cumulated double bonds are on adjacent carbons. Example: 1, 2-pentadiene

Groups bonded by only a sigma bond can undergo rotation about that bond with respect to each other. The temporary molecular shapes that result from rotation of groups about single bonds are called conformations of a molecule. each possible structure is called a conformer. An analysis of the ener changes associated with a molecule undergoing rotation about single bonds is called conformational analysis

Characteristics of Bonds o Bonds pay fixed coupon ( interest) payments at fixed intervals(usually every 6 months)and pay the par value at maturity

Carbon’s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom that — more than any other—accounts for the existence of a field of study called organic chemistry. Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms as well