Systematic Anatomy Department of Anatomy, Histology Embryology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Dr Hongqi zhang(张红旗) Email:Zhanghq58@yahoo.com.cn Ofice: Building 9, Room308, 54237151-9308 Mobe:13761809799
Systematic Anatomy Department of Anatomy,Histology & Embryology Department of Anatomy,Histology & Embryology Shanghai Medical College,Fudan University Dr.Hongqi Zhang (张红旗 ) Email: zhanghq58@yahoo.com.cn Office: Building 9,Room308， 54237151 －9308 Mobile:13761809799 1
Composition of reproductive system of both seXs Internal genital organs ◆ Gonads ◆ Genital ducts ◆ Accessory glands EXternal genital organs Male genital organ Female genital organ
Composition of reproductive syst f b th tem o f b oth sexs Internal genital organs Gonads Genital ducts Accessory glands External genital organs External genital organs Male genital organ Female genital organ
Composition of reproductive system Internal genital organs ◆ Gonads- testis ◆ Genital ducts: Epididymis ureter…- Deferent ductus Ejaculatory duct Urethra Bladder ● Accessory glands Seminal vesicle ● Prostate · Prostate Seminal vesicle Bulbourethral gland ● Bulbourethral glane Penis “ Ductus deferens External genital organs Scrotum and penis --- Epididymis Testis
Composition of reproductive system Internal genital organs G d t ti Ureter Gona d s － testi s Genital ducts: Epididymis Ureter Deferent ductus Ejaculatory duct Bladder Seminal vesicle Urethra Accessory glands P tt Penis Prostate Bulbourethral gland Pros t a t e Seminal vesicle Bulbourethral glane Penis Ductus deferens Epididymis Bulbourethral glane External genital organs Scrotum and penis Testis
The position and shape of the testis A pair of oval-shaped organs. They are suspended on the scrotum by the supermatic cord. Each testis have two extremities: two surfaces and two borders The function of testis is to produces sperm and secret androgens sup. extremity TWo extremity Inf extremity Lat surface Epidydimis Two surfaces Sup. extremity Med. surface Post Ant border Two borders border Post border Lat surface Ant Inf extremis
A if l h d Th d d th The position and shape of the testis A pair of oval-shaped organs.They are suspended on the scrotum by the supermatic cord.Each testis have two extremities;two surfaces and two borders The extremities;two surfaces and two borders.The function function of testis is to produces sperm and secret androgens. Two extremity Sup.extremity Two surfaces Two extremity Inf.extremity Lat.surface Sup.extremity Epidydimis Two surfaces T bd Med.surface Ant.border Post. border Two borders Post.border Lat.surface border Ant. border Inf.extremity
The structures of the testis Testis sends numerous fibrous septules into the gland dividing it into 100-200 testicular lobules that contain 2 4 contorted seminiferous tubules- traight seminiferous tubu|es→ rete testis Ductus(vas) Ductuli efferentes deferens Rete testis Epididymis 00 Tunica albuginea Seminiferous tubules Testicular lobules Testis
The structures of the testis Testis sends numerous fibrous septules into the gland, dividing it into 100 ～200 testicular lobules that contain 2 ～ 4 contorted seminiferous tubules → traight seminiferous tubules →rete testis
Shape of the testis Testis, epididymis, and vas(ductus) deferens vas(ductus)deferens pampiniform plexus body of epididymis ( shown lifted away from testis efferent ductules extremity Post bord Inf extremity tail of epididymis Ant border @2008 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ino
Shape of the testis Shape of the testis Sup. extremity Post Inf extremity . border Inf.extremity Ant.border
Testicle of a cat 1 Extremitas capitata 2 Extremitas caudata 6 3 Margo epididymal, 4 Margo liber, 1 5 Mesorchium 6 Epididymis, 7 tetibular a. &v 8 ductus deferens CAVITY CAN SCROTUM
Testicle of a cat: 1 Extremitas capitata, 2 Extremitas caudata, 3 Margo epididymalis, 4 Margo liber, 5 Mesorchium 5 Mesorchium, 6 Epididymis, 7 tet bu a a & ibular a.& v. 8 Ductus deferens
The descend of testis Testes follow the"path of descent "from high in the posterior fetal abdomen to the inguinal ring and beyond to the inguinal canal and into the scrotum In most cases(97% full-term, 70% preterm), both testes have descended by birth. In most other cases, only one testis fails to descend (cryptorchidism and that will probably express itself within a year Internal (deep)ring External(superficial) ring Darto Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia TunIca vaginalis(parietal Undescended Testes(Cryptorchidism) a testis that did not descend all the way into the scrotum
The descend of testis Testes follow the "path of descent" from high in the posterior fetal abdomen to the inguinal ring and beyond to the inguinal canal and into the scrotum. In most cases (97% full-term, 70% p) y reterm), both testes have descended b y birth. In most other cases, only one testis fails to descend (cryptorchidism) and that will probably express itself within a year. Undescended Testes ( yp ) Cr torchidism) - a testis that did not descend all the way into the scrotum
mal oblique muscle External oblique muscle tenaculum Between the seventh week and birth, the testes descend into the scrotum due to shortening of the gubernaculum. The testes pass through the inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall. After the th week, a peritoneal evagination, the processus vaginalis, forms just anterior to the gubernaculum It forms the inguinal canal by pushing out sock-like extensions of the transversalis fascia, the internal oblique muscle and external oblique muscle, The inguinal canal extends from the base of the inverted transversalis fascia(the deep ring) to the base of the everted external oblique muscle the superficial ring). After the processus vaginalis has evaginated into the scrotum, the gubernaculum shortens and pulls the gonads through the canal. The gonads always remain within the plane of the subserous fascia associated with the posterior wall of the processus vaginalis. By the end of the pregnancy the testes have completely entered the scrotal sac. The gubernaculum is reduced to a ligamentous band attaching the inferior pole of the testis to the scrotal floor. Within the first year after birth the superior part of the processus vaginalis is usually obliterated leaving a distal remnant sac, the tunica vaginalis, which lies anterior to the testis. Its lumen is normally collapsed but sometimes it may fill with serous secretions forming a testicular hydrocele
Between the seventh week and birth the testes descend into the scrotum due to shortening of the Between the seventh week and birth, the testes descend into the scrotum due to shortening of the gubernaculum. The testes pass through the inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall. After the 8th week, a peritoneal evagination, the processus vaginalis, forms just anterior to the gubernaculum. It forms the inguinal canal by pushing out sock-like extensions of the transversalis fascia, the internal oblique muscle and external oblique muscle The inguinal canal extends from the base of internal oblique muscle and external oblique muscle, The inguinal canal extends from the base of the inverted transversalis fascia (the deep ring) to the base of the everted external oblique muscle (the superficial ring). After the processus vaginalis has evaginated into the scrotum, the gubernaculum shortens and pulls the gonads through the canal. The gonads always remain within the plane of the subserous fascia associated with the posterior wall of the processus vaginalis By the plane of the subserous fascia associated with the posterior wall of the processus vaginalis. By the end of the pregnancy the testes have completely entered the scrotal sac. The gubernaculum is reduced to a ligamentous band attaching the inferior pole of the testis to the scrotal floor. Within the first year after birth the superior part of the processus vaginalis is usually obliterated leaving a distal remnant sac the tunica vaginalis which lies anterior to the testis Its lumen is normally collapsed remnant sac, the tunica vaginalis, which lies anterior to the testis. Its lumen is normally collapsed but sometimes it may fill with serous secretions forming a testicular hydrocele[1]
THE NORMAL MIGRATION OF THE TESTICLE: The testes develop in the abdominal cavity in early fetal life. By 14 to 17 weeks of intrauterine life they migrate to an opening in the body wall known as the inguinal canal. After 28 weeks they pass through the canal and by 35 to 40 weeks reach the scrotum Undescended testes. Undescended testes are a common problem At birth 3.5% of boys will have an undescended testes CAVITY NAL Approximately 30% will have both testes involved. a large proportion of these testes will have descended by 3 months after birth with just 1% of boys still having an INGUINAL undescended testes by 1 year of age CANAL Premature infants have a much higher SCROTUM chance of having an undescended testes Testicular descent is a complex process and not yet fully understood. It is known that the process depends on adequate hormone levels as well as mechanical and neurological factors
THE NORMAL MIGRATION OF THE TESTICLE THE NORMAL MIGRATION OF THE TESTICLE: The testes develop : The testes develop in the abdominal cavity in early fetal life. By 14 to 17 weeks of intrauterine life they migrate to an opening in the body wall known as the inguinal canal After 28 weeks they pass through the canal and by the inguinal canal. After 28 weeks they pass through the canal and by 35 to 40 weeks reach the scrotum. U d d dt t U n descen d e d tes tes . Ud dd n descen d e d testes are a common problem. At birth 3.5% of boys will have an undescended testes. Approximately 30% will have both testes Approximately 30% will have both testes involved. A large proportion of these testes will have descended by 3 months after birth with just 1% of boys still having an with just 1% of boys still having an undescended testes by 1 year of age. Premature infants have a much higher chance of having an undescended testes. chance of having an undescended testes. Testicular descent is a complex process and not yet fully understood. It is known that the pp q rocess de pends on ade quate hormone levels as well as mechanical and neurological factors