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Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development To write a good paragraph in communication, the writer first needs to decide upon his purpose or idea and to try to make it clear to his reader in a topic sentence. Then, almost immediately, he should develop his idea by presenting relevant supporting details. After that, he needs to give a logical conclusion to the idea just discussed to satisfy the reader psychologically. With all this, and with various other means of paragraph development, he organizes the paragraph and gives it an overall structure of unity
To write a good paragraph in communication, the writer first needs to decide upon his purpose or idea and to try to make it clear to his reader in a topic sentence. Then, almost immediately, he should develop his idea by presenting relevant supporting details. After that, he needs to give a logical conclusion to the idea just discussed to satisfy the reader psychologically. With all this, and with various other means of paragraph development, he organizes the paragraph and gives it an overall structure of unity. Sentence Functions in Paragraph Development
Examine the sample below to see how the topic sentence(TS)establishes the focus, how the developing sentences(DS) present the supporting details, and how the concluding sentence(CS) summarizes the main idea Anole Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity.(Ts) Citizens who own bikes find themselves pedaling to work and school rather than getting the car out of the garage. Owners of bicycle sales-and-repair shops find their business booming. Many cities have set aside "bikeways" for the convenience and safety of cyclists. Police reports show bicycle theft growing, and sellers of padlocks and chains for bike protection are making new profits. DS) More and more Americans are discovering that pedal-pumping is cheaper than gas-pumping and that bicycles don't make smog(CS) Exercises
Examine the sample below to see how the topic sentence (TS) establishes the focus, how the developing sentences (DS) present the supporting details, and how the concluding sentence (CS) summarizes the main idea. Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity. (TS) Citizens who own bikes find themselves pedaling to work and school rather than getting the car out of the garage. Owners of bicycle sales-and-repair shops find their business booming. Many cities have set aside “bikeways” for the convenience and safety of cyclists. Police reports show bicycle theft growing, and sellers of padlocks and chains for bike protection are making new profits. (DS) More and more Americans are discovering that pedal-pumping is cheaper than gas-pumping and that bicycles don’t make smog. (CS) Sample Exercises
-1- Exercise 18 Exercise 19
Exercise 18 Exercise 19
EX 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole The last sentence has been done for you.(Note: This paragraph, developed from the same topic sentence as in the sample, has a new focus- the awareness of the energy shortage instead of the bicycle's new popularity
Ex. 18 Identify the functions of the following sentences and rearrange them in logical order to form a continuous whole. The last sentence has been done for you. (Note: This paragraph, developed from the same topic sentence as in the sample, has a new focus — the awareness of the energy shortage instead of the bicycle's new popularity.)
People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again Small cars, rather than huge gasgulpers, are winning sales More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited energy supply in their daily life ●●●● More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems TS Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity Key
____ People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. ____ Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. ____ More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited energy supply in their daily life. ____ More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. 1. TS Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity. Key
4. DS People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again 3 DS Small cars, rather than huge gasgulpers, are winning sales.. 5. CS More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited energy supply in their daily life 2 DS More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems 1.TS Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity
4. DS People of all ages, in fact, are learning how to walk again. 3. DS Small cars, rather than huge gas-gulpers, are winning sales. 5. CS More and more Americans are beginning to treasure the limited energy supply in their daily life. 2. DS More and more people are riding buses and forming car pools to help reduce consumption of fuel, with some of the larger cities putting new push behind efforts to develop rapid-transit systems. 1. TS Recent awareness of the energy shortage in America has brought the bicycle into renewed popularity
EX19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out one reasonable conclusion for each of them 1. Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental Issues today. Reference 2. Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental problem Reference
Ex. 19 Supply relevant supporting details to each of the following topic sentences and work out one reasonable conclusion for each of them. 1. Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today. 2. Plastic wastes are becoming a serious environmental problem. Reference Reference
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。.。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today. Cars and factories release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. These gases trap heat and make our atmosphere warmer and warmer. If we do not start to do something about it right now, we will suffer growing consequences such as floods and droughts, and vast coastal areas will be under water Doom。a●
Global warming is one of the most pressing environmental issues today. Cars and factories release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere each year. These gases trap heat and make our atmosphere warmer and warmer. If we do not start to do something about it right now, we will suffer growing consequences such as floods and droughts, and vast coastal areas will be under water
Plastic wastes are becoming a harmful environmental problem Plastic products, such as bags, containers, boxes, etc, have brought us convenience, but they have also brought disastrous problems to our environment. As it is difficult to dispose of plastic wastes, they will pile up on the earth for tens, or even hundreds of years. Besides, plastics are the cause of many deaths of animals and fish because they mistake them for food. We must find a solution to plastic pollution before our earth is covered with plastics 。。。0。.。·●。。。·。.。。。·.。··.。。·。。。。。●。·
Plastic wastes are becoming a harmful environmental problem. Plastic products, such as bags, containers, boxes, etc. have brought us convenience, but they have also brought disastrous problems to our environment. As it is difficult to dispose of plastic wastes, they will pile up on the earth for tens, or even hundreds of years. Besides, plastics are the cause of many deaths of animals and fish because they mistake them for food. We must find a solution to plastic pollution before our earth is covered with plastics