TCP/IP Internetworking Chapter 8 Updated January 2007 Panos Business data Networks and Te/ecommunications, 6th edition 口口口 a copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall May only be used by adopters of the book
TCP/IP Internetworking Chapter 8 Updated January 2007 Panko’s Business Data Networks and Telecommunications, 6th edition Copyright 2007 Prentice-Hall May only be used by adopters of the book
Recap Single Networks(Subnets) Chapters 4 and 5 covered single lans Chapters 6 and 7 covered residential Internet access and single Wans Internets Connect multiple single networks using routers 70%-80% of internet traffic follows TCP/IP standards These standards are created by the ETF Chapter 10 looks in more detail at TCP/IP management 8-2
8-2 Recap • Single Networks (Subnets) – Chapters 4 and 5 covered single LANs – Chapters 6 and 7 covered residential Internet access and single WANs • Internets – Connect multiple single networks using routers – 70%-80% of internet traffic follows TCP/IP standards – These standards are created by the IETF – Chapter 10 looks in more detail at TCP/IP management
Figure 2-8: Hybrid TCP/IP-osI Architecture layer Recap General Purpose Specitic Purpose Application-application Application(5)Application-application communication interworking Transmission across an Transport(4) Host-host internet communication Internet (3) Packet delivery across an internet Transmission across a Data Link (2) Frame delivery across a single network(LAn or network WAN Physical (1) Device-device TCP/IP standards dominate at the internet and transport layers transmission across an internet 8-3
8-3 Figure 2-8: Hybrid TCP/IP-OSI Architecture General Purpose Layer Specific Purpose Application-application communication Application (5) Application-application interworking Transmission across an internet Transport (4) Host-host communication Internet (3) Packet delivery across an internet Transmission across a single network (LAN or WAN) Data Link (2) Frame delivery across a network Physical (1) Device-device connection Recap TCP/IP standards dominate at the internet and transport layers— transmission across an internet
Figure 2-11: Internet and Transport Layer, Cont Recap Transport Layer end-to-end (host-to-host) Server Client Pc TCP is connection -oriented reliable UDP is connectionless and unreliable Internet Layer (usually IP) hop-by-hop(host-router or router-router) connectionless unreliable Router 1 Router 2 Router 3
8-4 Figure 2-11: Internet and Transport Layer, Cont. Transport Layer end-to-end (host-to-host) TCP is connection-oriented, reliable UDP is connectionless and unreliable Internet Layer (usually IP) hop-by-hop (host-router or router-router) connectionless, unreliable Router 1 Router 2 Router 3 Client PC Server Recap
Frames and packets Recap Messages at the data link layer are called frames Messages at the internet layer are called packets Within a single network, packets are encapsulated in the data fields of frames Frame Packet Frame Trailer (Data Field) Header 8-5
8-5 Frames and Packets • Messages at the data link layer are called frames • Messages at the internet layer are called packets • Within a single network, packets are encapsulated in the data fields of frames Frame Header Packet (Data Field) Frame Trailer Recap
Frames and Packets Recap In an internet with hosts separated by n networks, there will be 2 hosts One packet (going all the way between hosts) One route(between the two hosts) N frames(one in each network) 8-6
8-6 Frames and Packets • In an internet with hosts separated by N networks, there will be: – 2 hosts – One packet (going all the way between hosts) • One route (between the two hosts) – N frames (one in each network) Recap
Figure 2-21: Combining Horizontal and vertical Communication Recap App Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Tran Irans Internet Protoco Source SwitchSwitch Router Switch Router Destination Host 2 3 2 Host 8-7
8-7 Figure 2-21: Combining Horizontal and Vertical Communication Int App DL Trans Phy Int Trans Int Int Source Host Destination Host Switch 1 Switch 2 Router 1 Switch 3 Router 2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP) Recap IP
Figure 8-1: Major TcP/P Standards User Applications Supervisory Applications 5 Application Http SmtP/many Dns/rouTingmany Others Protocols Others 4 Transport TCP UDP ICMP MPLS 3 Internet IP ARP 2 Data link None: Use osi Standards 1 Physid Internetworking is done at the internet and transport layers There are only a few standards at these layers We will look at the shaded protocols in this chapter 8-8
8-8 Figure 8-1: Major TCP/IP Standards 5 Application User Applications HTTP SMTP Many Others DNS Routing Protocols Many Others Supervisory Applications 4 Transport TCP UDP 3 Internet IP MPLS ARP 2 Data Link None: Use OSI Standards 1 Physical None: Use OSI Standards Internetworking is done at the internet and transport layers. There are only a few standards at these layers. We will look at the shaded protocols in this chapter. ICMP
I Figure 8-1: Major TCP/IP Standards, Continued User Applications Supervisory Applications 5 Application Http SmtP Many dns Protocolsothers Routing Many Others tRansport TCP UDP 3 Internet P ICMP ARP 2 Data link None: Use osi standards NVS At the application layer, there are user applications and supervisory applications We will look at two TCP/IP application layer supervisory applications in this chapter 8-9
8-9 Figure 8-1: Major TCP/IP Standards, Continued 5 Application User Applications HTTP SMTP Many Others DNS Routing Protocols Many Others Supervisory Applications 4 Transport TCP UDP 3 Internet IP ICMP ARP 2 Data Link None: Use OSI Standards 1 Physical At the application layer, there are None: Use OSI Standards user applications and supervisory applications. We will look at two TCP/IP application layer supervisory applications in this chapter
IP Addresses 32-Bit Strings Dotted Decimal notation for human reading (eg,128171.1713
IP Addresses 32-Bit Strings Dotted Decimal Notation for Human Reading (e.g., 128.171.17.13)
