THEKITERUNNERKHALED HOSSEINIThisbookisdedicatedtoHaris and Farah, boththenoorofmyeyes,and to the childrenofAfghanistanACKNOWLEDGMENTSIam indebted tothefollowingcolleaguesfortheir advice,assistance,or support:Dr.AlfredLerner,DonVakis,RobinHeck,Dr.Todd Dray,Dr.RobertTull,andDr.SandyChun.ThanksalsotoLynetteParkerof EastSanJoseCommunityLawCenterforheradviceaboutadoptionprocedures,and to Mr.Daoud Wahab for sharing his experiences in Afghanistan with me.Iamgratefultomydearfriend Tamim Ansaryfor his guidanceand supportandtothegangatthe SanFrancisco Writers Workshopfortheirfeed back andencouragement.Iwant tothank myfather,my oldest friend and the inspiration for all that is noble in Baba; my mother who prayed for meand did nazr at everystageofthis book'swriting;my auntfor buying me books whenI wasyoung.Thanks go outto Ali, Sandy,Daoud, Walid, Raya, Shalla,Zahra,Rob,andKaderforreadingmystories.Iwanttothank Dr.and Mrs.Kayoumy--myotherparents--fortheirwarmthandunwaveringsupport.Imustthankmyagentandfriend,Elaine Koster,forherwisdom,patience,andgraciousways,aswell as CindySpiegel, mykeen-eyed and judicious editor who helped me unlock somanydoorsin this tale.AndI would liketo thank Susan Petersen Kennedyfortakinga chance on this bookandthehardworkingstaffatRiverheadforlaboringoverit.Last,Idon'tknow howto thankmylovelywife, Roya--to whoseopinionlam addicted--for herkindness and grace, and for reading, re-reading, and helping me edit every single draft of thisnovel.Foryour patience and understanding,Iwill always love you, Royajan.ONE
THE KITE RUNNER KHALED HOSSEINI This book is dedicated to Haris and Farah, both the noor of my eyes, and to the children of Afghanistan. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to the following colleagues for their advice, assistance, or support: Dr. Alfred Lerner, Don Vakis, Robin Heck, Dr. Todd Dray, Dr. Robert Tull, and Dr. Sandy Chun. Thanks also to Lynette Parker of East San Jose Community Law Center for her advice about adoption procedures, and to Mr. Daoud Wahab for sharing his experiences in Afghanistan with me. I am grateful to my dear friend Tamim Ansary for his guidance and support and to the gang at the San Francisco Writers Workshop for their feed back and encouragement. I want to thank my father, my oldest friend and the inspiration for all that is noble in Baba; my mother who prayed for me and did nazr at every stage of this book’s writing; my aunt for buying me books when I was young. Thanks go out to Ali, Sandy, Daoud, Walid, Raya, Shalla, Zahra, Rob, and Kader for reading my stories. I want to thank Dr. and Mrs. Kayoumy-my other parents-for their warmth and unwavering support. I must thank my agent and friend, Elaine Koster, for her wisdom, patience, and gracious ways, as well as Cindy Spiegel, my keen-eyed and judicious editor who helped me unlock so many doors in this tale. And I would like to thank Susan Petersen Kennedy for taking a chance on this book and the hardworking staff at Riverhead for laboring over it. Last, I don’t know how to thank my lovely wife, Roya-to whose opinion I am addicted-for her kindness and grace, and for reading, re-reading, and helping me edit every single draft of this novel. For your patience and understanding, I will always love you, Roya jan. ONE
December2001I became what Iam todayat theage of twelve, on a frigid overcast day in the winterof 1975.1remembertheprecisemoment,crouchingbehindacrumblingmudwall,peekingintothealleynear the frozen creek.That was a long time ago,but it's wrong whatthey sayabout the past, I'velearned,abouthowyoucanburyit.Becausethepastclawsitswayout.Lookingbacknow,!realizeIhave been peeking into thatdeserted alley forthe lasttwenty-sixyears.Onedaylast summer,myfriend RahimKhan calledfromPakistan.Heaskedmeto comeseehim.Standinginthekitchenwiththereceivertomyear,Iknewit wasn'tjust RahimKhanonthelineIt wasmypastofunatonedsins.AfterIhungup,Iwentfora walk along Spreckels Lakeon thenorthernedgeofGoldenGatePark.Theearly-afternoonsunsparkledonthewaterwheredozens ofminiature boats sailed, propelled bya crisp breeze.Then Iglanced up and saw a pair ofkites, red withlongbluetails,soaringinthesky.Theydanced highabovethetrees onthewestendofthepark,overthewindmills,floatingsidebysidelikeapairofeyeslookingdownonSanFrancisco,the cityInowcall home.And suddenlyHassan'svoice whispered in myhead:Foryou,athousandtimesover.Hassantheharelippedkiterunner.Isat on a park bench near a willow tree.I thoughtaboutsomething Rahim Khan said justbeforehehung up,almost as an afterthought.There is a wayto begood again.Ilooked upat thosetwinkites.Ithoughtabout Hassan.ThoughtaboutBaba.Ali.Kabul.Ithoughtofthe lifeIhadliveduntil thewinterof1975cameandchangedeverything.Andmademe whatIamtoday.TWOWhen wewerechildren,Hassan and Iusedto climb the poplartrees in thedrivewayofmyfather's houseand annoyour neighborsbyreflecting sunlight into their homes with a shard ofmirror.Wewouldsit across fromeach other ona pairof high branches, our naked feet dangling,ourtrouser pockets filled with dried mulberries and walnuts.Wetook turns with themirror aswe ate mulberries, pelted each other with them,giggling, laughing;I can still see Hassan up onthat tree, sunlight flickering throughthe leaves on his almost perfectly roundface, a face like aChinese doll chiseled from hardwood:hisflat, broad nose and slanting,narrow eyes like bambooleaves,eyes that looked, depending on the light,gold,green,even sapphirelcan still see his tinylow-setearsandthatpointedstubofachin,ameatyappendagethatlookedlikeitwasaddedasamereafterthought.Andthecleft lip,justleftofmidline,wheretheChinesedoll maker'sinstrumentmayhaveslipped;orperhapshehadsimplygrowntiredandcareless
December 2001 I became what I am today at the age of twelve, on a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975. I remember the precise moment, crouching behind a crumbling mud wall, peeking into the alley near the frozen creek. That was a long time ago, but it’s wrong what they say about the past, I’ve learned, about how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out. Looking back now, I realize I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the last twenty-six years. One day last summer, my friend Rahim Khan called from Pakistan. He asked me to come see him. Standing in the kitchen with the receiver to my ear, I knew it wasn’t just Rahim Khan on the line. It was my past of unatoned sins. After I hung up, I went for a walk along Spreckels Lake on the northern edge of Golden Gate Park. The early-afternoon sun sparkled on the water where dozens of miniature boats sailed, propelled by a crisp breeze. Then I glanced up and saw a pair of kites, red with long blue tails, soaring in the sky. They danced high above the trees on the west end of the park, over the windmills, floating side by side like a pair of eyes looking down on San Francisco, the city I now call home. And suddenly Hassan’s voice whispered in my head: For you, a thousand times over. Hassan the harelipped kite runner. I sat on a park bench near a willow tree. I thought about something Rahim Khan said just before he hung up, almost as an after thought. There is a way to be good again. I looked up at those twin kites. I thought about Hassan. Thought about Baba. Ali. Kabul. I thought of the life I had lived until the winter of 1975 came and changed everything. And made me what I am today. TWO When we were children, Hassan and I used to climb the poplar trees in the driveway of my father’s house and annoy our neighbors by reflecting sunlight into their homes with a shard of mirror. We would sit across from each other on a pair of high branches, our naked feet dangling, our trouser pockets filled with dried mulberries and walnuts. We took turns with the mirror as we ate mulberries, pelted each other with them, giggling, laughing; I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green, even sapphire I can still see his tiny low-set ears and that pointed stub of a chin, a meaty appendage that looked like it was added as a mere afterthought. And the cleft lip, just left of midline, where the Chinese doll maker’s instrument may have slipped; or perhaps he had simply grown tired and careless
Sometimes,up in thosetrees,Italked Hassan intofiring walnutswithhis slingshotattheneighbor'sone-eyed German shepherd.Hassan never wantedto, but if Iasked, really asked, hewouldn'tdenyme.Hassan never denied me anything.And he was deadly with his slingshot.Hassan'sfather, Ali, used to catch us andget mad,oras mad as someone as gentle as Ali couldeverget. He wouldwag hisfingerandwaveus downfromthetree.He would takethemirrorandtelluswhathismotherhadtoldhim,thatthedevilshonemirrorstoo,shonethemtodistract Muslims during prayer.“And he laughs while he does it," he always added,scowling athisson."Yes,Father"Hassanwouldmumble,lookingdownathisfeet.Buthenevertoldonme.Nevertoldthatthemirror, likeshootingwalnutsattheneighbor'sdog,wasalwaysmyidea.The poplar trees lined the redbrick driveway, which led to a pair of wrought-iron gates. They inturnopened intoanextensionofthedrivewayintomyfather'sestate.Thehousesatontheleftsideofthebrickpath,thebackyardat theend ofit.Everyoneagreed thatmyfather,my Baba,had built themost beautifulhousein theWazirAkbarKhandistrict,anewandaffluentneighborhoodinthenorthernpartofKabul.Somethoughtitwastheprettiesthouse in all of Kabul.Abroadentrywayflanked byrosebushes led to thesprawling houseofmarble floors and wide windows.Intricatemosaic tiles, handpicked by BabainIsfahan,coveredthefloorsofthefourbathrooms.Gold-stitchedtapestries,whichBabahadboughtin Calcutta, lined the walls; a crystal chandelier hungfrom the vaulted ceiling.Upstairswasmybedroom,Baba'sroom,andhisstudy,alsoknownas“thesmokingroom,whichperpetually smelled of tobacco and cinnamon.Baba and his friends reclined on black leatherchairsthereafterAlihadserveddinner.Theystuffedtheirpipes--exceptBabaalwayscalled it"fattening the pipe"--anddiscussed their favoritethree topics:politics, business,soccer.SometimesIaskedBabaif Icould sit withthem,but Babawouldstandinthedoorway."Goonnow,"he'd say."This is grown-ups'time.Whydon'tyou go read one of those books of yours?"He'd closethedoor,leave meto wonderwhyit was alwaysgrown-ups'timewithhim.I'dsitbythedoor,kneesdrawntomychest.SometimesIsatthereforanhour,sometimestwo,listeningtotheirlaughter,theirchatter.Theliving room downstairs had a curved wall with custombuiltcabinets.Inside sat framed familypictures:anold,grainyphotoofmygrandfatherandKingNadirShahtakenin1931,twoyearsbefore the king's assassination;theyare standing over a dead deer, dressed in knee-high boots,rifles slungovertheir shoulders.There wasapictureof myparents'weddingnight, Baba dashingin his black suit and my mothera smiling young princess in white. Here was Baba and his bestfriendandbusinesspartner,RahimKhan,standingoutsideourhouse,neitheronesmiling--lam
Sometimes, up in those trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbor’s one-eyed German shepherd. Hassan never wanted to, but if I asked, really asked, he wouldn’t deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. And he was deadly with his slingshot. Hassan’s father, Ali, used to catch us and get mad, or as mad as someone as gentle as Ali could ever get. He would wag his finger and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had told him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. “And he laughs while he does it,” he always added, scowling at his son. “Yes, Father,” Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet. But he never told on me. Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor’s dog, was always my idea. The poplar trees lined the redbrick driveway, which led to a pair of wrought-iron gates. They in turn opened into an extension of the driveway into my father’s estate. The house sat on the left side of the brick path, the backyard at the end of it. Everyone agreed that my father, my Baba, had built the most beautiful house in the Wazir Akbar Khan district, a new and affluent neighborhood in the northern part of Kabul. Some thought it was the prettiest house in all of Kabul. A broad entryway flanked by rosebushes led to the sprawling house of marble floors and wide windows. Intricate mosaic tiles, handpicked by Baba in Isfahan, covered the floors of the four bathrooms. Gold-stitched tapestries, which Baba had bought in Calcutta, lined the walls; a crystal chandelier hung from the vaulted ceiling. Upstairs was my bedroom, Baba’s room, and his study, also known as “the smoking room,” which perpetually smelled of tobacco and cinnamon. Baba and his friends reclined on black leather chairs there after Ali had served dinner. They stuffed their pipes-except Baba always called it “fattening the pipe”-and discussed their favorite three topics: politics, business, soccer. Sometimes I asked Baba if I could sit with them, but Baba would stand in the doorway. “Go on, now,” he’d say. “This is grown-ups’ time. Why don’t you go read one of those books of yours?” He’d close the door, leave me to wonder why it was always grown-ups’ time with him. I’d sit by the door, knees drawn to my chest. Sometimes I sat there for an hour, sometimes two, listening to their laughter, their chatter. The living room downstairs had a curved wall with custombuilt cabinets. Inside sat framed family pictures: an old, grainy photo of my grandfather and King Nadir Shah taken in 1931, two years before the king’s assassination; they are standing over a dead deer, dressed in knee-high boots, rifles slung over their shoulders. There was a picture of my parents’ wedding night, Baba dashing in his black suit and my mother a smiling young princess in white. Here was Baba and his best friend and business partner, Rahim Khan, standing outside our house, neither one smiling-I am
ababyinthatphotographand Baba isholdingme, lookingtired andgrim.I'm in hisarms,but it'sRahimKhan'spinkymyfingersarecurledaroundThecurvedwall ledintothediningroom,atthecenterofwhichwasamahoganytablethatcould easily sit thirty guests--and,given myfather's tasteforextravagant parties,it did justthatalmosteveryweek.Ontheotherendofthediningroomwasatallmarblefireplace,alwayslitbythe orange glow ofa fire in the wintertime.A large sliding glass door opened intoa semicircular terrace thatoverlooked two acres ofbackyardandrowsofcherrytrees.BabaandAlihadplantedasmall vegetablegardenalongtheeasternwall:tomatoes,mint,peppers,andarowofcornthatneverreallytook.Hassanandiusedtocall it"theWall ofAiling Corn."On the south end of thegarden,in the shadows ofa loquat tree, was the servants'home,amodestlittlemudhutwhereHassanlivedwithhisfatherIt wasthere, in that little shack,that Hassan was born in the winter of 1964,justoneyear aftermymotherdiedgivingbirthtome.IntheeighteenyearsthatIlivedinthathouse,I steppedintoHassanandAli'squartersonlyahandfulof times.When the sun droppedlowbehindthehills andwe were done playingfortheday,Hassan andIpartedways.Iwentpasttherosebushesto Baba'smansion,Hassan tothemud shack where hehad been born, where he'd lived his entire life. I rememberit was spare,clean,dimly lit bya pairofkerosenelamps.There were twomattressesonoppositesidesof theroom,aworn Heratirugwithfrayededges inbetween,athree-legged stool,andawoodentableinthecornerwhereHassandidhisdrawings.Thewallsstoodbare,saveforasingletapestrywithsewn-in beads forming the words_Allah-u-akbar_.Baba had bought itfor Ali on oneof his tripsto Mashad.It was in that small shack that Hassan's mother,Sanaubar,gavebirth to him one coldwinterdayin 1964.While mymother hemorrhagedto death during childbirth, Hassan lost his less than aweekafterhewasborn.LosthertoafatemostAfghansconsideredfarworsethandeath:Sheran offwith a clan of traveling singers anddancers.Hassan nevertalked about his mother,as if she'd never existed.Ialways wonderedif hedreamedabouther,about whatshelooked like,whereshewas.Iwonderedif helongedtomeet
a baby in that photograph and Baba is holding me, looking tired and grim. I’m in his arms, but it’s Rahim Khan’s pinky my fingers are curled around. The curved wall led into the dining room, at the center of which was a mahogany table that could easily sit thirty guests- and, given my father’s taste for extravagant parties, it did just that almost every week. On the other end of the dining room was a tall marble fireplace, always lit by the orange glow of a fire in the wintertime. A large sliding glass door opened into a semicircular terrace that overlooked two acres of backyard and rows of cherry trees. Baba and Ali had planted a small vegetable garden along the eastern wall: tomatoes, mint, peppers, and a row of corn that never really took. Hassan and I used to call it “the Wall of Ailing Corn.” On the south end of the garden, in the shadows of a loquat tree, was the servants’ home, a modest little mud hut where Hassan lived with his father. It was there, in that little shack, that Hassan was born in the winter of 1964, just one year after my mother died giving birth to me. In the eighteen years that I lived in that house, I stepped into Hassan and Ali’s quarters only a handful of times. When the sun dropped low behind the hills and we were done playing for the day, Hassan and I parted ways. I went past the rosebushes to Baba’s mansion, Hassan to the mud shack where he had been born, where he’d lived his entire life. I remember it was spare, clean, dimly lit by a pair of kerosene lamps. There were two mattresses on opposite sides of the room, a worn Herati rug with frayed edges in between, a three-legged stool, and a wooden table in the corner where Hassan did his drawings. The walls stood bare, save for a single tapestry with sewn-in beads forming the words _Allah-u-akbar_. Baba had bought it for Ali on one of his trips to Mashad. It was in that small shack that Hassan’s mother, Sanaubar, gave birth to him one cold winter day in 1964. While my mother hemorrhaged to death during childbirth, Hassan lost his less than a week after he was born. Lost her to a fate most Afghans considered far worse than death: She ran off with a clan of traveling singers and dancers. Hassan never talked about his mother, as if she’d never existed. I always wondered if he dreamed about her, about what she looked like, where she was. I wondered if he longed to meet
her.Didheachefor her,the waylached forthemotherIhad nevermet?One day,wewerewalkingfrommyfathershousetoCinemaZainabforanewIranianmovie,takingtheshortcutthroughthe military barracks nearIstiqlal MiddleSchool--Baba hadforbidden usto take thatshortcut,buthewasinPakistanwithRahimKhanatthetime.Wehoppedthefencethatsurroundedthebarracks,skipped overa little creek, and broke into the open dirtfield whereold,abandonedtanks collected dust.Agroupof soldiers huddled in the shadeofoneof thosetanks,smokingcigarettes and playingcards.One ofthem saw us,elbowed theguy nexttohim,andcalled Hassan."Hey,you!"he said."Iknowyou."We had neverseen himbefore.He wasa squatlyman witha shaved head and black stubble onhisface.Thewayhegrinnedatus,leered, scared me."Justkeep walking,"Imuttered toHassan."You!The Hazara! Look at me when I'm talking to you!"the soldier barked. He handedhiscigarette to the guy nextto him, made a circle with the thumb and indexfinger ofone hand.Poked themiddlefingerofhis otherhand throughthecircle.Poked it inandout.Inand out."knew your mother, did you knowthat?Iknew her real good.Itook herfrombehind by thatcreekoverthere."The soldiers laughed.One of them madea squealing sound.Itold Hassan to keep walking, keepwalking."What a tight little sugary cunt shehad!" the soldier was saying,shaking hands with theothers,grinning. Later, in the dark,after the movie had started, Iheard Hassan next to me, croaking.Tears were sliding down his cheeks.I reached across myseat, slung myarm aroundhim,pulledhimclose.Herested hishead on myshoulder."Hetookyoufor someoneelse,"Iwhispered."Hetookyouforsomeoneelse."I'm told no one was really surprised when Sanaubareloped.People_had_raised their eyebrowswhen Ali, a man whohad memorized the Koran,married Sanaubar,a woman nineteen yearsyounger,abeautifulbutnotoriouslyunscrupulous womanwho lived upto her dishonorablereputation.Like Ali,she wasa Shi'a Muslimandan ethnic Hazara.She wasalso his firstcousinand thereforea naturalchoice for a spouse. But beyond those similarities, Ali and Sanaubarhadlittle incommon,leastofall theirrespectiveappearances.WhileSanaubar'sbrilliantgreeneyesandimpishfacehad,rumorhasit,temptedcountlessmenintosin,Alihadacongenitalparalysisof his lowerfacial muscles,a condition thatrendered him unableto smileand lefthim
her. Did he ache for her, the way I ached for the mother I had never met? One day, we were walking from my father’s house to Cinema Zainab for a new Iranian movie, taking the shortcut through the military barracks near Istiqlal Middle School-Baba had forbidden us to take that shortcut, but he was in Pakistan with Rahim Khan at the time. We hopped the fence that surrounded the barracks, skipped over a little creek, and broke into the open dirt field where old, abandoned tanks collected dust. A group of soldiers huddled in the shade of one of those tanks, smoking cigarettes and playing cards. One of them saw us, elbowed the guy next to him, and called Hassan. “Hey, you!” he said. “I know you.” We had never seen him before. He was a squatly man with a shaved head and black stubble on his face. The way he grinned at us, leered, scared me. “Just keep walking,” I muttered to Hassan. “You! The Hazara! Look at me when I’m talking to you!” the soldier barked. He handed his cigarette to the guy next to him, made a circle with the thumb and index finger of one hand. Poked the middle finger of his other hand through the circle. Poked it in and out. In and out. “I knew your mother, did you know that? I knew her real good. I took her from behind by that creek over there.” The soldiers laughed. One of them made a squealing sound. I told Hassan to keep walking, keep walking. “What a tight little sugary cunt she had!” the soldier was saying, shaking hands with the others, grinning. Later, in the dark, after the movie had started, I heard Hassan next to me, croaking. Tears were sliding down his cheeks. I reached across my seat, slung my arm around him, pulled him close. He rested his head on my shoulder. “He took you for someone else,” I whispered. “He took you for someone else.” I’m told no one was really surprised when Sanaubar eloped. People _had_ raised their eyebrows when Ali, a man who had memorized the Koran, married Sanaubar, a woman nineteen years younger, a beautiful but notoriously unscrupulous woman who lived up to her dishonorable reputation. Like Ali, she was a Shi’a Muslim and an ethnic Hazara. She was also his first cousin and therefore a natural choice for a spouse. But beyond those similarities, Ali and Sanaubar had little in common, least of all their respective appearances. While Sanaubar’s brilliant green eyes and impish face had, rumor has it, tempted countless men into sin, Ali had a congenital paralysis of his lower facial muscles, a condition that rendered him unable to smile and left him
perpetually grimfaced.It was an oddthingto seethe stone-faced Alihappy,orsad,because onlyhis slanted browneyes glinted with a smile or welled with sorrow.People saythat eyes arewindowstothe soul.Never wasthat more truethan withAli, who could only reveal himselfthroughhiseyes.IhaveheardthatSanaubar'ssuggestivestrideand oscillatinghipssentmentoreveriesofinfidelity.Butpoliohad leftAliwithatwisted,atrophiedrightlegthatwassallowskinoverbonewith little in between except a paper-thin layer of muscle.I remember one day, when I was eight,Ali wastakingmetothebazaartobuysome_naan_.Iwaswalking behindhim,humming,tryingto imitatehiswalk.Iwatchedhim swing his scraggyleg in a sweeping arc, watchedhis wholebodytiltimpossiblytotherighteverytimeheplantedthatfoot.Itseemedaminormiraclehedidn'ttip overwith each step.When Itried it, Ialmostfell into the gutter.That got me giggling.Ali turnedaround,caught me aping him.He didn't say anything.Not then,not ever.Hejustkeptwalking.Ali'sface and his walkfrightened someof the youngerchildren in the neighborhood. But therealtrouble was with the older kids.They chased him on the street,and mocked him when hehobbledby.Somehadtakentocallinghim_Babalu_orBoogeyman."Hey,Babalu,whodidyoueattoday?"theybarked toachorusoflaughter."Who did you eat,youflat-nosedBabalu?"They called him"flat-nosed"because of Ali and Hassan'scharacteristic Hazara Mongoloidfeatures.Foryears,thatwasall IknewabouttheHazaras,thattheywereMoguldescendants,andthat theylooked alittle like Chinesepeople.Schooltextbooksbarelymentioned themandreferredtotheirancestryonlyinpassing.Thenoneday,IwasinBaba'sstudy,lookingthroughhisstuff,whenIfoundoneofmymother'soldhistorybooks.ItwaswrittenbyanIraniannamedKhorami.Iblewthedustoffit,sneaked it intobedwithmethatnight,andwas stunnedtofindan entirechapteron Hazarahistory.Anentire chapterdedicated to Hassan'speople!In it,I readthat my people, the Pashtuns,had persecuted and oppressedthe Hazaras.It said the HazarashadtriedtoriseagainstthePashtunsinthenineteenthcentury,butthePashtunshad"quelledthemwith unspeakableviolence."Thebook said thatmypeoplehadkilled theHazaras,driventhemfromtheirlands,burnedtheirhomes,andsoldtheirwomen.ThebooksaidpartofthereasonPashtunshadoppressedtheHazaraswasthatPashtunswereSunniMuslims,whileHazaras were Shi'a. The book said a lot of thingsI didn't know,things myteachers hadn'tmentioned.Things Baba hadn'tmentioned either.It also said some things I did know, like thatpeople called Hazaras_mice-eating,flat-nosed,load-carryingdonkeys_.Ihad heard some of thekids in theneighborhoodyell thosenames toHassan
perpetually grimfaced. It was an odd thing to see the stone-faced Ali happy, or sad, because only his slanted brown eyes glinted with a smile or welled with sorrow. People say that eyes are windows to the soul. Never was that more true than with Ali, who could only reveal himself through his eyes. I have heard that Sanaubar’s suggestive stride and oscillating hips sent men to reveries of infidelity. But polio had left Ali with a twisted, atrophied right leg that was sallow skin over bone with little in between except a paper-thin layer of muscle. I remember one day, when I was eight, Ali was taking me to the bazaar to buy some _naan_. I was walking behind him, humming, trying to imitate his walk. I watched him swing his scraggy leg in a sweeping arc, watched his whole body tilt impossibly to the right every time he planted that foot. It seemed a minor miracle he didn’t tip over with each step. When I tried it, I almost fell into the gutter. That got me giggling. Ali turned around, caught me aping him. He didn’t say anything. Not then, not ever. He just kept walking. Ali’s face and his walk frightened some of the younger children in the neighborhood. But the real trouble was with the older kids. They chased him on the street, and mocked him when he hobbled by. Some had taken to calling him _Babalu_, or Boogeyman. “Hey, Babalu, who did you eat today?” they barked to a chorus of laughter. “Who did you eat, you flat-nosed Babalu?” They called him “flat-nosed” because of Ali and Hassan’s characteristic Hazara Mongoloid features. For years, that was all I knew about the Hazaras, that they were Mogul descendants, and that they looked a little like Chinese people. School text books barely mentioned them and referred to their ancestry only in passing. Then one day, I was in Baba’s study, looking through his stuff, when I found one of my mother’s old history books. It was written by an Iranian named Khorami. I blew the dust off it, sneaked it into bed with me that night, and was stunned to find an entire chapter on Hazara history. An entire chapter dedicated to Hassan’s people! In it, I read that my people, the Pashtuns, had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras. It said the Hazaras had tried to rise against the Pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the Pashtuns had “quelled them with unspeakable violence.” The book said that my people had killed the Hazaras, driven them from their lands, burned their homes, and sold their women. The book said part of the reason Pashtuns had oppressed the Hazaras was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shi’a. The book said a lot of things I didn’t know, things my teachers hadn’t mentioned. Things Baba hadn’t mentioned either. It also said some things I did know, like that people called Hazaras _mice-eating, flat-nosed, load-carrying donkeys_. I had heard some of the kids in the neighborhood yell those names to Hassan
Thefollowing week,after class,Ishowedthebookto myteacher and pointedto thechapter onthe Hazaras. He skimmed througha couple of pages, snickered, handed the book back."That'stheonethingShi'apeopledowell,hesaid,pickinguphispapers,"passingthemselvesasmartyrs."HewrinkledhisnosewhenhesaidthewordShi'a,likeit wassomekindofdisease.Butdespitesharingethnicheritageandfamilyblood,SanaubarjoinedtheneighborhoodkidsintauntingAli.Ihaveheardthatshemadenosecretof herdisdainforhisappearance"Thisisahusband?"shewouldsneer."Ihaveseenolddonkeysbettersuitedtobeahusband."Intheend,mostpeoplesuspectedthemarriagehadbeenanarrangementofsortsbetweenAliandhisuncle,Sanaubar'sfather.TheysaidAli had marriedhiscousintohelprestoresomehonortohisuncle'sblemishedname,eventhoughAli,whohadbeenorphanedattheageoffive,hadnoworldlypossessionsorinheritancetospeakof.Ali neverretaliatedagainst anyof his tormentors,Isupposepartlybecause he could never catchthem with thattwisted leg dragging behind him.But mostly because Ali was immuneto theinsults of his assailants;he hadfound his joy,his antidote,the moment Sanaubarhad given birthto Hassan.It had been a simple enough affair.Noobstetricians, no anesthesiologists,nofancymonitoringdevices.JustSanaubarlyingonastained,nakedmattresswithAliandamidwifehelping her. She hadn't needed much help at all, because, even in birth, Hassan was true to hisnature:He was incapable of hurting anyone.Afew grunts,a couple of pushes, and out came Hassan. OuthecamesmilingAs confidedtoaneighbor'sservantbythegarrulousmidwife,whohadthen inturntoldanyonewho would listen, Sanaubarhad taken one glance at the baby in Ali's arms, seen the cleft lip, andbarkedabitterlaughter."There,"she had said."Nowyou have yourown idiot child to do all yoursmiling for you!"Shehad refusedto even hold Hassan,and justfivedayslater, she was gone
The following week, after class, I showed the book to my teacher and pointed to the chapter on the Hazaras. He skimmed through a couple of pages, snickered, handed the book back. “That’s the one thing Shi’a people do well,” he said, picking up his papers, “passing themselves as martyrs.” He wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shi’a, like it was some kind of disease. But despite sharing ethnic heritage and family blood, Sanaubar joined the neighborhood kids in taunting Ali. I have heard that she made no secret of her disdain for his appearance. “This is a husband?” she would sneer. “I have seen old donkeys better suited to be a husband.” In the end, most people suspected the marriage had been an arrangement of sorts between Ali and his uncle, Sanaubar’s father. They said Ali had married his cousin to help restore some honor to his uncle’s blemished name, even though Ali, who had been orphaned at the age of five, had no worldly possessions or inheritance to speak of. Ali never retaliated against any of his tormentors, I suppose partly because he could never catch them with that twisted leg dragging behind him. But mostly because Ali was immune to the insults of his assailants; he had found his joy, his antidote, the moment Sanaubar had given birth to Hassan. It had been a simple enough affair. No obstetricians, no anesthesiologists, no fancy monitoring devices. Just Sanaubar lying on a stained, naked mattress with Ali and a midwife helping her. She hadn’t needed much help at all, because, even in birth, Hassan was true to his nature: He was incapable of hurting anyone. A few grunts, a couple of pushes, and out came Hassan. Out he came smiling. As confided to a neighbor’s servant by the garrulous midwife, who had then in turn told anyone who would listen, Sanaubar had taken one glance at the baby in Ali’s arms, seen the cleft lip, and barked a bitter laughter. “There,” she had said. “Now you have your own idiot child to do all your smiling for you!” She had refused to even hold Hassan, and just five days later, she was gone
BabahiredthesamenursingwomanwhohadfedmetonurseHassan.Alitoldusshewasablue-eyed Hazara woman from Bamiyan,the city of the giant Buddhastatues."Whata sweet singingvoiceshehad,"heusedto sayto us.What did she sing, Hassan andl always asked, thoughwealready knew--Ali had told us countlesstimes.Wejustwantedto hearAli sing.He'd clear his throatand begin:OnahighmountainIstoodAndcriedthenameofAli, LionofGodO Ali, Lion of God, King of Men,Bringjoytooursorrowfulhearts._Thenhewouldremindusthattherewasabrotherhoodbetweenpeoplewhohadfedfromthesamebreast,akinshipthatnoteventimecould break.HassanandIfedfromthesamebreasts.Wetookourfirststepsonthesamelawninthesameyard.And,underthesameroof,wespokeourfirstwords.Minewas_Baba_.Hiswas_Amir_.MynameLookingbackonitnow,Ithinkthefoundationforwhathappenedinthewinterof1975--andallthat followed--was already laid in those first words.THREELore has it myfather once wrestled a black bear in Baluchistan with his barehands.If the storyhadbeenaboutanyoneelse,itwouldhavebeendismissedas_laafthatAfghantendencytoexaggerate--sadly,almosta nationalaffliction; if someonebragged that his son wasa doctor
Baba hired the same nursing woman who had fed me to nurse Hassan. Ali told us she was a blueeyed Hazara woman from Bamiyan, the city of the giant Buddha statues. “What a sweet singing voice she had,” he used to say to us. What did she sing, Hassan and I always asked, though we already knew-Ali had told us countless times. We just wanted to hear Ali sing. He’d clear his throat and begin: _On a high mountain I stood, And cried the name of Ali, Lion of God. O Ali, Lion of God, King of Men, Bring joy to our sorrowful hearts._ Then he would remind us that there was a brotherhood between people who had fed from the same breast, a kinship that not even time could break. Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our first steps on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same roof, we spoke our first words. Mine was _Baba_. His was _Amir_. My name. Looking back on it now, I think the foundation for what happened in the winter of 1975-and all that followed-was already laid in those first words. THREE Lore has it my father once wrestled a black bear in Baluchistan with his bare hands. If the story had been about anyone else, it would have been dismissed as _laaf_, that Afghan tendency to exaggerate-sadly, almost a national affliction; if someone bragged that his son was a doctor
chances werethekid hadoncepasseda biologytest in high school. But no oneeverdoubtedtheveracity of any storyabout Baba.And if they did, well, Baba did have thosethree parallel scarscoursinga jagged path down his back.Ihaveimagined Baba'swrestling match countless times,evendreamedaboutit.Andinthosedreams,Icannevertell Babafromthebear.It was Rahim Khan whofirst referred tohimas what eventually became Baba's famousnickname,_Toophanagha_,or"Mr.Hurricane."It wasan apt enoughnickname.Myfather was aforce of nature,a toweringPashtun specimen with a thick beard,a wayward crop of curly brownhairasunrulyasthemanhimself,handsthat lookedcapableofuprootingawillowtree,andablack glarethat would"dropthedevil to his knees begging for mercy,"as Rahim Khan used tosay.At parties,when all six-foot-five ofhim thundered into the room,attention shifted to himlikesunflowersturningtothesunBaba was impossible toignore, even in his sleep.Iused tobury cotton wisps inmyears,pull theblanketovermyhead,andstillthesoundsofBaba'ssnoring--somuchlikeagrowlingtruckengine--penetratedthewalls.Andmy room was across the hallfromBaba's bedroom.Howmymotherevermanagedtosleepinthesameroomashimisamysterytome.It'sonthelonglistofthingsI wouldhaveaskedmymotherifIhadevermether.In thelate1960s,whenIwasfive or six,Baba decided tobuildan orphanage.I heardthe storythroughRahimKhan.HetoldmeBabahaddrawntheblueprintshimself despitethefactthathe'dhadnoarchitecturalexperienceatall.Skepticshadurgedhimtostophisfoolishnessandhireanarchitect.Of course,Babarefused,andeveryoneshooktheirheadsindismayat hisobstinateways.Then Babasucceededandeveryoneshooktheirheads inaweathistriumphantways.Babapaid forthe construction of thetwo-story orphanage,justoff the main strip of JadehMaywandsouthoftheKabulRiver,withhisownmoney.RahimKhantoldmeBabahadpersonallyfundedtheentire project,payingfor the engineers,electricians,plumbers,andlaborers, nottomention the city officials whose"mustachesneeded oiling."Ittookthreeyearstobuildtheorphanage.Iwaseightbythen.Irememberthedaybeforetheorphanageopened, Baba tookme to Ghargha Lake,a few miles north of Kabul.He asked me tofetchHassantoo,butIliedandtoldhimHassanhadtheruns.IwantedBabaalltomyself.Andbesides,onetimeatGharghaLake,HassanandIwereskimmingstonesandHassanmadehisstoneskipeighttimes.ThemostImanagedwasfive.Babawasthere,watching,andhepattedHassanontheback.Evenputhisarmaroundhisshoulder.We sat at a picnic table on the banks of the lake, just Baba and me, eating boiled eggs withkofta_sandwiches--meatballsandpickleswrappedin_naan_.Thewaterwasadeepblueandsunlight glittered on itslookingglass-clear surface.On Fridays,thelake was bustling with families
chances were the kid had once passed a biology test in high school. But no one ever doubted the veracity of any story about Baba. And if they did, well, Baba did have those three parallel scars coursing a jagged path down his back. I have imagined Baba’s wrestling match countless times, even dreamed about it. And in those dreams, I can never tell Baba from the bear. It was Rahim Khan who first referred to him as what eventually became Baba’s famous nickname, _Toophan agha_, or “Mr. Hurricane.” It was an apt enough nickname. My father was a force of nature, a towering Pashtun specimen with a thick beard, a wayward crop of curly brown hair as unruly as the man himself, hands that looked capable of uprooting a willow tree, and a black glare that would “drop the devil to his knees begging for mercy,” as Rahim Khan used to say. At parties, when all six-foot-five of him thundered into the room, attention shifted to him like sunflowers turning to the sun. Baba was impossible to ignore, even in his sleep. I used to bury cotton wisps in my ears, pull the blanket over my head, and still the sounds of Baba’s snoring-so much like a growling truck engine-penetrated the walls. And my room was across the hall from Baba’s bedroom. How my mother ever managed to sleep in the same room as him is a mystery to me. It’s on the long list of things I would have asked my mother if I had ever met her. In the late 1960s, when I was five or six, Baba decided to build an orphanage. I heard the story through Rahim Khan. He told me Baba had drawn the blueprints himself despite the fact that he’d had no architectural experience at all. Skeptics had urged him to stop his foolishness and hire an architect. Of course, Baba refused, and everyone shook their heads in dismay at his obstinate ways. Then Baba succeeded and everyone shook their heads in awe at his triumphant ways. Baba paid for the construction of the two-story orphanage, just off the main strip of Jadeh Maywand south of the Kabul River, with his own money. Rahim Khan told me Baba had personally funded the entire project, paying for the engineers, electricians, plumbers, and laborers, not to mention the city officials whose “mustaches needed oiling.” It took three years to build the orphanage. I was eight by then. I remember the day before the orphanage opened, Baba took me to Ghargha Lake, a few miles north of Kabul. He asked me to fetch Hassan too, but I lied and told him Hassan had the runs. I wanted Baba all to myself. And besides, one time at Ghargha Lake, Hassan and I were skimming stones and Hassan made his stone skip eight times. The most I managed was five. Baba was there, watching, and he patted Hassan on the back. Even put his arm around his shoulder. We sat at a picnic table on the banks of the lake, just Baba and me, eating boiled eggs with _kofta_ sandwiches-meatballs and pickles wrapped in _naan_. The water was a deep blue and sunlight glittered on its looking glass-clear surface. On Fridays, the lake was bustling with families
outfora day in thesun.But it was midweek and there was only Baba and me, usand a couple oflonghaired, bearded tourists--"hippies"I'd heard them called. They were sitting on the dock,feet dangling in the water,fishing poles in hand.Iasked Baba whytheygrew their hair long, butBaba grunted, didn't answer. He was preparing his speech for the next day, flipping through ahavocofhandwrittenpages,makingnoteshereandtherewithapencil.Ibitintomyeggandasked Baba if it was truewhata boyin school had toldme,that if youate a piece ofeggshell,you'dhavetopeeitout.Babagruntedagain.Itooka bite ofmy sandwich.One of the yellow-haired touristslaughed and slapped the otheroneontheback.Inthedistance,acrossthelake,atruck lumberedaroundacorneronthehillSunlighttwinkledin its side-viewmirror."IthinkIhave_saratan_"Isaid.Cancer.Babaliftedhisheadfromthepagesflappinginthebreeze.Told meIcouldget the sodamyself,all Ihadto dowas look inthetrunk of the carOutside theorphanage,the next day,they ran out of chairs.Alot ofpeople had tostandtowatch the opening ceremony.Itwas a windyday,andI sat behind Baba on the little podium justoutside the main entrance of the new building. Baba was wearing a green suit and a caracul hat.Midwaythroughthespeech,the windknockedhis hatoff and everyonelaughed.He motionedtometoholdhishatforhimandIwasgladto,becausetheneveryonewouldseethathewasmyfather,my Baba.He turned back to the microphoneand said he hopedthe building wassturdier than his hat,and everyone laughed again.When Baba ended his speech,peoplestoodup and cheered.Theyclappedfor a long time.Afterward,people shookhis hand.Some ofthemtousled myhair and shookmy handtoo.I was so proud of Baba, of us.Butdespite Baba's successes,people were alwaysdoubting him.They told Baba that runningabusinesswasn'tinhisbloodandheshouldstudylawlikehisfather.SoBabaprovedthemallwrongbynotonlyrunninghisownbusinessbutbecomingoneoftherichestmerchants inKabul.BabaandRahimKhanbuiltawildlysuccessfulcarpet-exportingbusiness,twopharmacies,andarestaurant.When people scoffed that Baba would nevermarry well--afterall, hewasnot of royal blood--heweddedmymother,Sofia Akrami,a highly educated womanuniversally regardedas oneofKabul'smostrespected,beautiful, andvirtuousladies.AndnotonlydidsheteachclassicFarsiliteratureattheuniversityshewasadescendantoftheroyalfamily,afactthatmyfatherplayfullyrubbedintheskeptics'facesbyreferringtoherasmyprincess
out for a day in the sun. But it was midweek and there was only Baba and me, us and a couple of longhaired, bearded tourists-“hippies,” I’d heard them called. They were sitting on the dock, feet dangling in the water, fishing poles in hand. I asked Baba why they grew their hair long, but Baba grunted, didn’t answer. He was preparing his speech for the next day, flipping through a havoc of handwritten pages, making notes here and there with a pencil. I bit into my egg and asked Baba if it was true what a boy in school had told me, that if you ate a piece of eggshell, you’d have to pee it out. Baba grunted again. I took a bite of my sandwich. One of the yellow-haired tourists laughed and slapped the other one on the back. In the distance, across the lake, a truck lumbered around a corner on the hill. Sunlight twinkled in its side-view mirror. “I think I have _saratan_,” I said. Cancer. Baba lifted his head from the pages flapping in the breeze. Told me I could get the soda myself, all I had to do was look in the trunk of the car. Outside the orphanage, the next day, they ran out of chairs. A lot of people had to stand to watch the opening ceremony. It was a windy day, and I sat behind Baba on the little podium just outside the main entrance of the new building. Baba was wearing a green suit and a caracul hat. Midway through the speech, the wind knocked his hat off and everyone laughed. He motioned to me to hold his hat for him and I was glad to, because then everyone would see that he was my father, my Baba. He turned back to the microphone and said he hoped the building was sturdier than his hat, and everyone laughed again. When Baba ended his speech, people stood up and cheered. They clapped for a long time. Afterward, people shook his hand. Some of them tousled my hair and shook my hand too. I was so proud of Baba, of us. But despite Baba’s successes, people were always doubting him. They told Baba that running a business wasn’t in his blood and he should study law like his father. So Baba proved them all wrong by not only running his own business but becoming one of the richest merchants in Kabul. Baba and Rahim Khan built a wildly successful carpet-exporting business, two pharmacies, and a restaurant. When people scoffed that Baba would never marry well-after all, he was not of royal blood-he wedded my mother, Sofia Akrami, a highly educated woman universally regarded as one of Kabul’s most respected, beautiful, and virtuous ladies. And not only did she teach classic Farsi literature at the university she was a descendant of the royal family, a fact that my father playfully rubbed in the skeptics’ faces by referring to her as “my princess