Airline Operations Lecture #1 1206J Apri23,2003
Airline Operations Lecture #1 1.206J April 23, 2003
Outline Airline planning complexity Schedule disruptions Schedule dependability CDM Ground delay Program How do airlines recover the schedule? Traditional ARM; Model shortcomings Interdependency of passengers and aircraft operations
Outline • Airline planning complexity • Schedule disruptions • Schedule dependability • CDM Ground Delay Program • How do airlines recover the schedule? • Traditional ARM; Model shortcomings • Interdependency of passengers and aircraft operations
Airline planning Optimized schedule designs have resulted in squeezed schedule with little slacks(i. e, idle time For examples: r FAM with Tw: less aircraft slacks Extended Crew Pairing problem: less crew slacks Plan is more inclined to be disrupted Ongoing research in robust planning: are airlines ready to pay the cost?
Airline planning • Optimized schedule designs have resulted in squeezed schedule with little slacks (i.e., idle time) • For examples: ¾ FAM with TW: less aircraft slacks ¾ Extended Crew Pairing Problem: less crew slacks • Plan is more inclined to be disrupted • Ongoing research in robust planning: are airlines ready to pay the cost?
Feasibility constraints Aircraft maintenance checks Pilot work rules · Flights assengers
Feasibility constraints • Aircraft maintenance checks • Pilot work rules • Flights • Passengers
Aircraft maintenance checks A: roughly once a week-on average approximately every 60 flight hours B: once a month --roughly every 300 to 500 flight hours C: Entire aircraft check Narrow body once a year “ ight C Check”(③3days) “ Heavy c check”(3to5weks) Wide bodies: every 15 to 18 months Heavy c checks" (2 weeks)
Aircraft maintenance checks • A: roughly once a week -- on average approximately every 60 flight hours • B: once a month -- roughly every 300 to 500 flight hours • C: Entire aircraft check ¾ Narrow body: once a year; • “Light C Check” (3 days) • “Heavy C Check” (3 to 5 weeks) ¾ Wide bodies: every 15 to 18 months; • “Heavy C Checks” (2 weeks)
Pilot work rules (FAA regulation Part 135) 1, 200 hours in any calendar year 120 hours in any calendar month 34 hours in any 7 consecutive days 8 hours during any 24 consecutive hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot 8 hours between required rest periods for a flight crew consisting of two pilots qualified under this part for the operation being conducted 9 consecutive hours of rest for less than 8 hours of scheduled flight time 10 consecutive hours of rest for 8 or more but less than 9 hours of scheduled flight time 11 consecutive hours of rest for 9 or more hours of scheduled flight time
Pilot work rules (FAA regulation Part 135) • 1,200 hours in any calendar year. • 120 hours in any calendar month. • 34 hours in any 7 consecutive days. • 8 hours during any 24 consecutive hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot. • 8 hours between required rest periods for a flight crew consisting of two pilots qualified under this part for the operation being conducted. • 9 consecutive hours of rest for less than 8 hours of scheduled flight time. • 10 consecutive hours of rest for 8 or more but less than 9 hours of scheduled flight time. • 11 consecutive hours of rest for 9 or more hours of scheduled flight time
Flight requlation You need a feasible aircraft and a crew to operate a flight Airports with slots GDP Airport curfew(e.g, Orange county, SNA)
Flight regulation • You need a feasible aircraft and a crew to operate a flight • Airports with slots • GDP • Airport curfew (e.g., Orange county, SNA)
Rule 240 Contract of carriage(AA) If your flight is delayed, cancelled or you miss a connecting American Airlines flight, due to a schedule irregularity American Airlines must confirm you on their next flight (on which space is available) at no additional cost. If there is an alternate American Airlines flight that will arrive at your destination earlier than the alternate you have been offered, you have the right to be confirmed on this american Airlines flight at no additional cost even if first class space is all that is available If the alternate American Airlines flight is not acceptable to you, you have the right to be confirmed on the flight of a different airline at no additional cost If there is an alternate different airline" flight that will arrive at your destination earlier than any alternate flight you have been offered, you have the right to be confirmed on this flight at no additional cost, even if first class space is all that is available r If no alternate flight (on American Airlines or a different airline")is acceptable to you, American Airlines must refund your money -even if you have a non-refundable ticket
Rule 240 Contract of carriage (AA) “If your flight is delayed, cancelled or you miss a connecting American Airlines flight, due to a schedule irregularity ¾ American Airlines must confirm you on their next flight (on which space is available) at no additional cost. ¾ If there is an alternate American Airlines flight that will arrive at your destination earlier than the alternate you have been offered, you have the right to be confirmed on this American Airlines flight at no additional cost, even if first class space is all that is available. ¾ If the alternate American Airlines flight is not acceptable to you, you have the right to be confirmed on the flight of a different airline at no additional cost. ¾ If there is an alternate "different airline" flight that will arrive at your destination earlier than any alternate flight you have been offered, you have the right to be confirmed on this flight at no additional cost, even if first class space is all that is available. ¾ If no alternate flight (on American Airlines or a "different airline") is acceptable to you, American Airlines must refund your money - even if you have a non-refundable ticket.
Schedule disruptions Schedule disruptions Aircraft; not on the schedule route Crew: violates rules Passenger: canceled flight or missed connection Shortages of airline resources Resource schedule dependability Aircraft mechanical problem Crew unavailability(misconnections) Shortages of airport resources Inclement weather: reduction in airport runaway capacity; affect all aircraft flying through the airport Airport security a dozen of disruptions happen on average every for Continental Airlines
Schedule disruptions • Schedule disruptions: ¾ Aircraft: not on the schedule route ¾ Crew: violates rules ¾ Passenger: canceled flight or missed connection • Shortages of airline resources: ¾ Resource schedule dependability ¾ Aircraft mechanical problem ¾ Crew unavailability (misconnections) • Shortages of airport resources: ¾ Inclement weather: reduction in airport runaway capacity; affect all aircraft flying through the airport ¾ Airport security • A dozen of disruptions happen on average every for Continental Airlines
Schedule dependability
Schedule dependability