AUDIT SAMPLING FOR TESTS OF CONTROLS AND SUBSTANTIVE TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS 14 IF YOUR ARE NOT GOING TO BELIEVE IT DONT USE IT @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. 14 AUDIT SAMPLING FOR TESTS OF CONTROLS AND SUBSTANTIVE TESTS OF TRANSACTIONS IF YOUR ARE NOT GOING TO BELIEVE IT, DON’T USE IT
CIisampl Representative samples Characteristics in the sample of audit interest are approximately the same as those of the population. Nonsampling risk (nonsampling error) occurs when audit tests do not uncover existing exceptions in the sample. 2 Sampling risk(sampling error) is an inherent part of sampling that results from testing less than the entire population. @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Representative Samples Characteristics in the sample of audit interest are approximately the same as those of the population. 1. Nonsampling risk (nonsampling error) occurs when audit tests do not uncover existing exceptions in the sample. 2. Sampling risk (sampling error) is an inherent part of sampling that results from testing less than the entire population
Probabilistic versus Nonprobabilistic Sample selection Nonprobabilistic (judgmental sample selection: 1. Directed sample selection 2. Block sample selection 3. Haphazard sample selection Probabilistic sample selection: 1. Simple random sample selection 2. Systematic sample selection 3. Stratified sample selection Arens. Loebbecke: Auditing, &/E @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Probabilistic Versus Nonprobabilistic Sample Selection Nonprobabilistic (judgmental) sample selection: 1. Directed sample selection 2. Block sample selection 3. Haphazard sample selection Probabilistic sample selection: 1. Simple random sample selection 2. Systematic sample selection 3. Stratified sample selection
irected Sample selection Selection of items in the sample based on some judgmental criteria established by the auditor Items Most Likely to Contain Misstatements Items Containing Selected Population Characteristics Large dollar Coverage @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Directed Sample Selection: Selection of items in the sample based on some judgmental criteria established by the auditor. Items Most Likely to Contain Misstatements Items Containing Selected Population Characteristics Large Dollar Coverage
Block Sample selections Selection of several items in sequence Haphazard sample selection Selection of items without any bias on the part of the auditor. @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Block Sample Selection: Selection of several items in sequence. Haphazard Sample Selection: Selection of items without any bias on the part of the auditor
Simple random Sample selection: Every possible combination of elements in the population that has an equal chance of constituting the sample. Random number tables Computer Generation of Random numbers Arens. Loebbecke: Auditing, &/E @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Simple Random Sample Selection: Every possible combination of elements in the population that has an equal chance of constituting the sample. • Random Number Tables • Computer Generation of Random Numbers
Systematic Sample selection: The auditor calculates an interval and then methodically selects the items for the sample Probability proportional to size: Take a sample where the probability of selecting any individual population item is proportional to its recorded amount Stratified Sample selection Divided the population into subpopulations by size and take large sample of the larger subpopulations. @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Systematic Sample Selection: The auditor calculates an interval and then methodically selects the items for the sample. Probability Proportional to Size: Take a sample where the probability of selecting any individual population item is proportional to its recorded amount. Stratified Sample Selection: Divided the population into subpopulations by size and take large sample of the larger subpopulations
Statistical Versus Nonstatistical Sampling Statistical sampling allows the quantification(measurement) of sampling risk in planning the sample(Step #1) and evaluating the results(Step #3) In nonstatistical sampling, the auditor selects items that he or she believes will provide the most useful information in the circumstances @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Statistical Versus Nonstatistical Sampling Statistical sampling allows the quantification (measurement) of sampling risk in planning the sample (Step #1) and evaluating the results (Step #3). In nonstatistical sampling, the auditor selects items that he or she believes will provide the most useful information in the circumstances
Plan the Sample State the objectives of the audit test. (in this Ch, it is to test controls- TOCs Decide whether audit sampling applies. Define attributes and exception conditions. Define the population. Define the sampling unit. Continued @2000 Prev
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. State the objectives of the audit test. (in this Ch., it is to test controls - TOC’s) Decide whether audit sampling applies. Define attributes and exception conditions. Define the population. Define the sampling unit. Continued
Plan the Samp le Specify the tolerable exception rate. Specify acceptable risk of assessing control risk too low Estimate the population exception rate. Determine the initial sample size. @2000 Prentice hall. Inc
Arens, Loebbecke; Auditing, 8/E ©2000 Prentice Hall, Inc. Specify the tolerable exception rate. Specify acceptable risk of assessing control risk too low. Estimate the population exception rate. Determine the initial sample size