center or other cellar immune responses There have been many studies in the 3 key components in O. sinensis, for example caffeine was used to defense depression and AA could promote secretion of pro-Inflammatory leukotrienes 33, 34 After screening the major components of o sinensis, the nucleoside antibiotic cordycepin was selected for further experimental alidation based on our ad has d much attention, mostly because of its anti-tumor and antiviral activities in the inhibition of viral DNA/RNA synthesis 5-37. For example, cordycepin induces apoptosis of tumorigenic Leydig cells in the mouse via several signaling pathways. It also plays roles in platelet aggregation and inflammation, 142, however, there are few reports on the use of cordycepin as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response. We here in combined cordycepin with HBsAg to generate a new vaccine and tested its immunologic activity in mice. Cordycepin improves HBsAg-specific antibody production without side effects Serum HBV antibodies were measured by elisa to determine the effects of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. As shown in Figure 4, cordycepin(0. 2, 1 and 2 mg/kg)adjuvanted with HBsAg led to an increase in the serum antibody level in a dose-dependent manner. The IgM level remained high on day 21 in the 2 mg/kg cordycepin group but not in the other groups(Figure 4a). On day 14, the IgG titers nduced by 2 mg/kg cordycepin adjuvanted with HBsAg were similar to the vaccine group on day 21 after the last injection(Figure 4b). However, there was no difference in the IgG level in this group on days 14 and 21. Furthermore, there was no significant7 center or other cellar immune responses. There have been many studies in the 3 key components in O. sinensis, for example, caffeine was used to defense depression and AA could promote secretion of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes33,34. After screening the major components of O. sinensis, the nucleoside antibiotic cordycepin was selected for further experimental validation based on our adjuvant screen purpose. Cordycepin has received much attention, mostly because of its anti-tumor and antiviral activities in the inhibition of viral DNA/RNA synthesis35-37. For example, cordycepin induces apoptosis of tumorigenic Leydig cells in the mouse via several signaling pathways38-40. It also plays roles in platelet aggregation and inflammation36,41,42; however, there are few reports on the use of cordycepin as an adjuvant to enhance the immune response. We here in combined cordycepin with HBsAg to generate a new vaccine and tested its immunologic activity in mice. Cordycepin improves HBsAg-specific antibody production without side effects. Serum HBV antibodies were measured by ELISA to determine the effects of the adjuvant on the humoral immune response. As shown in Figure 4, cordycepin (0.2, 1 and 2 mg/kg) adjuvanted with HBsAg led to an increase in the serum antibody level in a dose-dependent manner. The IgM level remained high on day 21 in the 2 mg/kg cordycepin group but not in the other groups (Figure 4a). On day 14, the IgG titers induced by 2 mg/kg cordycepin adjuvanted with HBsAg were similar to the vaccine group on day 21 after the last injection (Figure 4b). However, there was no difference in the IgG level in this group on days 14 and 21. Furthermore, there was no significant