different in body weight in mice from all groups(Figure Sla). There was also no apparent histological change in the liver and spleen of mice from all groups on day 28 by haematoxylin-eosin staining and routine light microscopy(Figure SIb) Cordycepin adjuvanted vaccine promotes lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vivo and in vitro. The enhancement of cellular immunity is also important barrier for HBV infection. HBSAg adjuvanted with I or 2 mg/kg cordycepin resulted in significantly higher proliferative activity than that in the other group. The cell activity of the 2 mg/kg cordycepin group was similar to that of the positive control (Figure 4c), indicating that it elicits an effective cellular immune response. The increased cell supernatant cytokine levels(Figure 4d) suggest that both Thl and Th2 cell responses were activated by cordycepin Lymphocyte differentiation in the spleen after immunization. To assess t and b cell differentiation after immunization, spleen cells were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry( Figure 5). The percentage of CD3 CD4 Th cells and CD3 CD8 CTL cells were all increased by the supplementary of cordycepin. The CD80 and CD86 expression on CD19+ B cells were also enhanced in the adjuvant groups, indicating hat b cells were activated more effectively. The increase in Th and B cell number indicates that the increase in antibody production and CTL cell number enhanced the cytotoxic effect, which might associate with IFN-Y Discussion Complex composition of TCMs makes it hard to understand its therapeutic mode from a molecular level. In recent years, several herbal components with different8 different in body weight in mice from all groups (Figure S1a). There was also no apparent histological change in the liver and spleen of mice from all groups on day 28 by haematoxylin-eosin staining and routine light microscopy (Figure S1b). Cordycepin adjuvanted vaccine promotes lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vivo and in vitro. The enhancement of cellular immunity is also an important barrier for HBV infection. HBsAg adjuvanted with 1 or 2 mg/kg cordycepin resulted in significantly higher proliferative activity than that in the other group. The cell activity of the 2 mg/kg cordycepin group was similar to that of the positive control (Figure 4c), indicating that it elicits an effective cellular immune response. The increased cell supernatant cytokine levels (Figure 4d) suggest that both Th1 and Th2 cell responses were activated by cordycepin. Lymphocyte differentiation in the spleen after immunization. To assess T and B cell differentiation after immunization, spleen cells were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry (Figure 5). The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ Th cells and CD3+ CD8+ CTL cells were all increased by the supplementary of cordycepin. The CD80 and CD86 expression on CD19+ B cells were also enhanced in the adjuvant groups, indicating that B cells were activated more effectively. The increase in Th and B cell number indicates that the increase in antibody production and CTL cell number enhanced the cytotoxic effect, which might associate with IFN-γ. Discussion Complex composition of TCMs makes it hard to understand its therapeutic mode from a molecular level. In recent years, several herbal components with different