期 黄洪敏等:鱼类免疫增强剂的研究现状与进展 557 the marine teleost gilthead seabream( Spans aurata L)[J]. Fish treated with yeast P-glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide J] [4] Jeney G, Anderson D P. Enhanced immune response and [20] Paulsen S M, Lunde H, Engstad R E. In wino effects of B-gucar protection in rainbow trout to Aeromonas sal monicida bacterin and LP on regulation of lysozyme activity and mRNA expression lowing prior immersion in immunostimulants[J]. Fish Shellfish in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L)[J]. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 1993.3: 51 Immunol,2003,14:39-54 [5 Cuesta A, Esteban M A, Meseguer J. Levamisole is a potent [21 Park K H, Jeong H D. Enhanced resistance against Edwardsiella enhancer of gilthead seabream natural cytotoxic activity [J. vet tarda infection in tilapia( Oreochromis nilaticze) by administration Immunol Immunopathol, 2002, 89: 169-174 of protein bound polysaccharide []. Aquac, 1996, 143: 135 activate grass carp( Crenopharyngodon idellus)macrophagesJJ1 [22 Anderson D P, Siwicki A K. Duration of protection against Dev Comp Immunol, 2003,27: 313-321 Aeromonas salmonicida in brook trout immunostimulated with [7] Krieg A M. The role of CpG motifs in innate immunity[J].Curr glucan of chitosan by injection or immersion[]. Prog Fish Cult Opin Immunol, 2000, 12: 35-43. 1994,56:258-261 [8] Jorgensen J B, Johansen A, Stenersen B, ef al. CpG [23] Esteban M A, Cuesta A, Meseguer J. Immunomodulatory oligodeoxynucleotides and plasmid DNA stimulate salmon ( Salmo effects of dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream( Spars salar L. leucocytes to produce supernatants with antiviral activity aurata L )innate immune system[J]. Fish Shellfish Immunol J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 2001, 25: 313-321 2001,I1:303-315 [9] Jsrgensen J B, Zhou J, Johansen A, et al. Immunostimulatory [24 Bullock G, Blazer V, Tsukuda S. Toxicity of acidified chitosan CpG oligodeoxynu interferorrlike cytokines in rainbow trout macrophages via a 2000,185:273-280 chloroquine-sensitive mechanism [J]. Fish Shellfish Immunol [25] Robertsen B, Rsstad G, Engstad R, et al. Enhancement of 2001,1:673-682 norrspecifie disease resistance in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L [10 Krieg A M, Hartmann G, Yi A K. Mechanism of action of CpG by a glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls .J Fish NAJJ]. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2000, 247: 1-21 [n Stacey KJ, Sweet MJ, Hume D A, Macrophages ingest and [26] Sung HH, Kou G H, Song YL, Vibriosis resistance induced by activated by bacterial DNA[J]. J Immunol, 1996, 157: 2116 glucan treatment in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon)[]. Fish Pathol,l994,29:11-17 [12] Tassakka A R, Sakai M. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance [27] Rsrstad G, Aasjord P M, Robertsen B. Adjuvant effect of a the nonspecific immune responses on carp, Cypims carpoJJ ast glucan in vaccines against furunculosis in Atlantic salmon )[J]. Fis [13 Oumoura M, Jaso Friedmann L, Evans D L. Activation of nonspecific cytotoxic cells NCC with synthetic [28] J4gensen J B, Robertsen B. Yeast brglucan stimulates specificity and identification of unique immunostimulatory motifs macrophages[J]. Dev Comp Immunol, 1995,19: 43-57 []. Dev Comp Immunol, 2002, 26: 257-269. [29] Baulny MO D, Quentel C, Fournier V, ef al. Elect of long [14 Secombe CJ, Enhancement of fish phagocyte activity[J]. Fish term oral administration of B-elucan as an immunostimulant or ar Shellfish Immunol [16] Kodama H, Hirota Y, Mukamoto N, ef al. Activation of of turbot Scophthalmus maxims [J]. Dis Aquat Org, 1996, 26 rainbow trout OncorinynchE mykiss phagocytes by muramyl [17] Salati F, Hamaguchi M, Kusuda R. Immune response of red sea IM]. SOS Publication, 1994 bream to Edwardsiella tarda antigens]. Fish Pathol, 1987, 22 [31] Sahoo P K, Mukherjee S C. Efect of dietary B-1, 3 glucan on mmune responses [18] Neumann N F, Fagan D, Belosevic M. Macrophage activating BI-induced immunocompromised rohu( Labeo rohita Hamilton) factors secreted by mitogen stimulated goldfish kidney leucocytes U. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2001, 11: 683-695 synergies with bacterial lipopol saccharide to induce nitric oxide nent of production in teleost macrophages [J]. Dev Comp Immunol resistance against Enerucoccis serialicida infection in yellowtail 1995,19:475-482 [19] Paulsen S M, Engstad R E, Robertsen B, Enhanced lysozyme administration of peptidoglycan derived from Bifidobacterium production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L )macrophages hermophilum[ J]. J Fish Dis, 1996, 19: 185-18 91994-2008ChinaAcademicjoUmalElectronicPublishingHouseAllrightsreservedhttp:/www.enki.netthe marine teleost gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L . ) [J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 1998 , 8 :49 - 62. [4 ] Jeney G , Anderson D P. Enhanced immune response and protection in rainbow trout to Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin following prior immersion in immunostimulants[J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 1993 , 3 : 51 - 58. [5 ] Cuesta A , Esteban M A , Meseguer J . Levamisole is a potent enhancer of gilthead seabream natural cytotoxic activity [J ] . Vet Immunol Immunopathol , 2002 , 89 :169 - 174. [ 6 ] Meng Z , Shao J Z , Xiang L X. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides activate grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) macrophages [J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 2003 , 27 :313 - 321. [ 7 ] Krieg A M. The role of CpG motifs in innate immunity[J ] . Curr Opin Immunol , 2000 , 12 :35 - 43. [ 8 ] J<rgensen J B , Johansen A , Stenersen B , et al. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and plasmid DNA stimulate salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) leucocytes to produce supernatants with antiviral activity [J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 2001 , 25 :313 - 321. [9 ] J<rgensen J B , Zhou J , Johansen A , et al. Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate expression of IL21β and interferon2like cytokines in rainbow trout macrophages via a chloroquine2sensitive mechanism [ J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 2001 , 11 :673 - 682. [ 10 ] Krieg A M , Hartmann G , Yi A K. Mechanism of action of CpG DNA[J ] . Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , 2000 , 247 :1 - 21. [ 11 ] Stacey KJ , Sweet M J , Hume D A. Macrophages ingest and are activated by bacterial DNA [J ] . J Immunol , 1996 , 157 :2116 - 2112. [ 12 ] Tassakka A R , Sakai M. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides enhance the non2specific immune responses on carp , Cyprinus carpio[J ] . Aquac , 2002 , 209 :1 - 10. [13 ] Oumouna M , Jaso2Friedmann L , Evans D L . Activation of nonspecific cytotoxic cells ( NCC ) with synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides and bacterial genomic DNA Binding , specificity and identification of unique immunostimulatory motifs [J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 2002 , 26 :257 - 269. [ 14 ] Secombes C J . Enhancement of fish phagocyte activity[J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 1994 , 4 :421 - 436. [16 ] Kodama H , Hirota Y, Mukamoto N , et al. Activation of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes by muramyl dipeptide[J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 1993 , 17 :129 - 140. [ 17 ] Salati F , Hamaguchi M , Kusuda R. Immune response of red sea bream to Edwardsiella tarda antigens[J ] . Fish Pathol , 1987 , 22 : 93 - 98. [18 ] Neumann N F , Fagan D , Belosevic M. Macrophage activating factors secreted by mitogen stimulated goldfish kidney leucocytes synergies with bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce nitric oxide production in teleost macrophages [ J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 1995 , 19 :475 - 482. [19 ] Paulsen S M , Engstad R E , Robertsen B . Enhanced lysozyme production in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) macrophages treated with yeast β2glucan and bacterial lipopolysaccharide [ J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 2001 , 11 :23 - 37. [ 20 ] Paulsen S M ,Lunde H , Engstad R E. In vivo effects ofβ2glucan and LPS on regulation of lysozyme activity and mRNA expression in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) [ J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 2003 , 14 :39 - 54. [ 21 ] Park K H , Jeong H D. Enhanced resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) by administration of protein2bound polysaccharide [J ] . Aquac , 1996 , 143 : 135 - 143. [22 ] Anderson D P , Siwicki A K. Duration of protection against Aeromonas salmonicida in brook trout immunostimulated with glucan of chitosan by injection or immersion[J ] . Prog Fish Cult , 1994 ,56 :258 - 261. [ 23 ] Esteban M A , Cuesta A , Meseguer J . Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L . ) innate immune system [J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 2001 , 11 :303 - 315. [ 24 ] Bullock G , Blazer V , Tsukuda S. Toxicity of acidified chitosan for cultured rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) [ J ] . Aquac , 2000 , 185 :273 - 280. [25 ] Robertsen B , R<rstad G , Engstad R , et al. Enhancement of non2specific disease resistance in Atlantic salmon , Salmo salar L . by a glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls [J ] . J Fish Dis , 1990 , 13 :391 - 400. [ 26 ] Sung H H , Kou G H , Song Y L . Vibriosis resistance induced by glucan treatment in tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) [ J ] . Fish Pathol , 1994 , 29 :11 - 17. [27 ] R<rstad G , Aasjord P. M , Robertsen B . Adjuvant effect of a yeast glucan in vaccines against furunculosis in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) [J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 1993 , 3 :179 - 190. [28 ] J<rgensen J B , Robertsen B . Yeast b2glucan stimulates respiratory burst activity of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L . ) macrophages[J ] . Dev Comp Immunol , 1995 , 19 :43 - 57. [ 29 ] Baulny M O D , Quentel C , Fournier V , et al. Effect of long2 term oral administration ofβ2glucan as an immunostimulant or an adjuvant on some non2specific parameters of the immune response of turbot Scophthalmus maximus[J ] . Dis Aquat Org , 1996 , 26 : 139 - 147. [ 30 ] Stolen J S , Fletcher T C. Modulators of fish immune Responses [ M ] . SOS Publication , 1994. [31 ] Sahoo P K, Mukherjee S C. Effect of dietaryβ21 , 3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin B12induced immunocompromised rohu ( Labeo rohita Hamilton) [J ] . Fish Shellfish Immunol , 2001 , 11 :683 - 695. [32 ] Itami T , Kondo M , Uozu M S , et al. Enhancement of resistance against Enterococcus seriolicida infection in yellowtail , Seriola quinqueradiata ( Temminck and Schlegel ) , by oral administration of peptidoglucan derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum[J ] . J Fish Dis , 1996 , 19 :185 - 187. 4 期 黄洪敏等 :鱼类免疫增强剂的研究现状与进展 755