Preface vii Reordered connective tissue proper cell populations in text under Cl Cag Ne)9- k3 System Integrator Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization Components of Connective Tissue Proper New Figure 4-1 The Polarity of Epithelial Cells Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue New Figure 4-2 Cell Junctions Moved Table 10-1 Steps Involved in Skeletal Muscle Contraction Figure 4-4 Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia, Transitional and Relaxation to the end of Section 10-4 to better serve as a Epithelium part revised summary of the topics Figure 4-5 Columnar Epithelia revised to include anatomical Figure 10-1 The Organization of Skeletal Muscles revised location within human figure New Figure 10-9 An Overview of Skeletal Muscle Contraction Figure 4-6 Modes of Glandular Secretion revised New Spotlight Figure 10-11 Skeletal Muscle Innervation New Spotlight Figure 10-12 The Contraction Cycle Figure 10-13 Shortening during a Contraction revised Tissue Repair Figure 10-14 The Effect of Sarcomere Length on Active Tension Clinical Note: Problems with Serous membranes revised vised Figure 10-18 Concentric, Eccentric, and Isometric Contractions Chapter 5: The Integumentary Syster revised and added new eccentric contractions part to figure Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System re Figure 5-10 Hair Follicles and Hairs changed order and revised Figure 10-21 Fast versus Slow Fibers revised Figure 5-14 Repair of Injury to the Integument revised Clinical Note: Skin Cancer revised Clinical Note: Tetanus revised Clinical Note. Burns and Grafts revised New Figure 5-17 System Integrator Chapter 11: The Muscular System Nearly all figures in this chapter are now presented in the Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure anterior view first and the posterior view second Figure 6-1 A Classification of Bones by Shape revised Figure 6-3 Types of Bone Cells revised New Figure 11-3 An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles Figure 6-10 Endochondral Ossification revised New Figure 11-ll oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Figure 6-15 A Chemical Analysis of Bone revised ed and new part(a)add Figure 6-16 Factors That Alter the Concentration of Calcium lons Figure 11-13 An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the n body Fluids revised Trunk revised Old Figures 6-17 and 6-18 incorporated into new Spotlight Figure 11-14 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle revised Figure 6-17 Types of Fractures and Steps in Repair Figure 11-15 Muscles That Move the Arm revised Figure 6-18 The Effects of Osteoporosis on Spongy Bone revised Clinical Note: Heterotopic Bone Formation revised Figure 11-17 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers revised Clinical Note: Abnormal Bone Development revised Table 11-15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand reorganized Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton Figure 11-19 Muscles That Move the Thigh revised Figure 7-1 The Axial Skeleton revised and combined into a one Figure 11-20 Muscles That Move the Leg revised New Figure 11-21 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes page figure Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull revised so Table 11-19 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot reorganized hat the chart is above and connections between the chart and the art are clearly apparent New Figure 11-23 System Integrator Clinical note Hernia revised Figure 7-7 The Temporal Bones revised by switching positions of Clinical Note: Intramuscular Injections revised (a)and(b)to show which part is the source of the dissected mastoid air cells Chapter 12: Neural Tissue Figure 7-16 The Vertebral Column revised New Figure 12-3 A Structural Classification of Neurons Clinical Note: Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis revised New Figure 12-4 An Introduction to Neuroglia Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton Figure 12-7 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Injury revised Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton revised Figure 12-8 An Overview of Neural Activities revise Figure 8-4 The Humerus added views of the elbow joint Potential of an undisturbed Cell re8-5 The Radius and ulna revised to show the interosseous New Figure 12-10 Electrochemical Gradients for Potassium and membrane and added a lateral view of the trochlear notch Sodium Ions Figure 8-12 The Right Patella revised and added inferior view of Old Figure 12-14 combined with old Table 12-3 for a new ght femur and patella Spotlight Figure 12-14 Generation of an Action Potential Figure 8-13 The Tibia and Fibula revised and added cross section of tibia and fibula New Figure 12-16 Saltatory Propagation along a Myelinated Axon Figure 8-14 Bones of the Ankle and Foot revised Table 12-4 Synaptic Activity revised Chapter 9: Articulations New Figure 12-17 vents in the Pu stiofain sof a cholinergic Synapse Reorganized section on synovial joints for improved flow Included discussion and art on vertebral end plates Table 12-4 Synaptic Activity Revised Reorganized old Tables 9-1 and 9-2 into one simpler Table 9 Clinical Note: Demyelination revised Functional and Structural Classifications of Articulate Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes New Spotlight Figure 9-6 Synovial Joints Figure 13-1 An Overview of Chapters 13 and 14 revised Figure 9-7 Intervertebral Articulations revised Figure 13-6 A Peripheral Nerve revisedPreface vii Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization • Reordered connective tissue proper cell populations in text under Components of Connective Tissue Proper • New Figure 4–1 The Polarity of Epithelial Cells • New Figure 4–2 Cell Junctions • Figure 4–4 Cuboidal and Transitional Epithelia, Transitional Epithelium part revised • Figure 4–5 Columnar Epithelia revised to include anatomical location within human figure • Figure 4–6 Modes of Glandular Secretion revised • Figure 4–12 Formed Elements of the Blood revised • Old Figure 4–20 incorporated into new Spotlight Figure 4–20 Tissue Repair • Clinical Note: Problems with Serous Membranes revised Chapter 5: The Integumentary System • Figure 5–1 The Components of the Integumentary System revised • Figure 5–10 Hair Follicles and Hairs changed order and revised • Figure 5–14 Repair of Injury to the Integument revised • Clinical Note: Skin Cancer revised • Clinical Note: Burns and Grafts revised • New Figure 5–17 System Integrator Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure • Figure 6–1 A Classification of Bones by Shape revised • Figure 6–3 Types of Bone Cells revised • Figure 6–10 Endochondral Ossification revised • Figure 6–15 A Chemical Analysis of Bone revised • Figure 6–16 Factors That Alter the Concentration of Calcium Ions in Body Fluids revised • Old Figures 6–17 and 6–18 incorporated into new Spotlight Figure 6–17 Types of Fractures and Steps in Repair • Figure 6–18 The Effects of Osteoporosis on Spongy Bone revised • Clinical Note: Heterotopic Bone Formation revised • Clinical Note: Abnormal Bone Development revised Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton • Figure 7–1 The Axial Skeleton revised and combined into a one￾page figure • Figure 7–2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull revised so that the chart is above and connections between the chart and the art are clearly apparent • Figure 7–7 The Temporal Bones revised by switching positions of (a) and (b) to show which part is the source of the dissected mastoid air cells • Figure 7–16 The Vertebral Column revised • Clinical Note: Kyphosis, Lordosis, and Scoliosis revised Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton • Figure 8–1 The Appendicular Skeleton revised • Figure 8–4 The Humerus added views of the elbow joint • Figure 8–5 The Radius and Ulna revised to show the interosseous membrane and added a lateral view of the trochlear notch • Figure 8–12 The Right Patella revised and added inferior view of right femur and patella • Figure 8–13 The Tibia and Fibula revised and added cross section of tibia and fibula • Figure 8–14 Bones of the Ankle and Foot revised Chapter 9: Articulations • Reorganized section on synovial joints for improved flow • Included discussion and art on vertebral end plates • Reorganized old Tables 9–1 and 9–2 into one simpler Table 9–1 Functional and Structural Classifications of Articulations • New Spotlight Figure 9–6 Synovial Joints • Figure 9–7 Intervertebral Articulations revised • New Figure 9–13 System Integrator • Clinical Note: Knee Injuries revised Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue • Moved Table 10–1 Steps Involved in Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Relaxation to the end of Section 10-4 to better serve as a summary of the topics • Figure 10–1 The Organization of Skeletal Muscles revised • New Figure 10–9 An Overview of Skeletal Muscle Contraction • New Spotlight Figure 10–11 Skeletal Muscle Innervation • New Spotlight Figure 10–12 The Contraction Cycle • Figure 10–13 Shortening during a Contraction revised • Figure 10–14 The Effect of Sarcomere Length on Active Tension revised • Figure 10–18 Concentric, Eccentric, and Isometric Contractions revised and added new eccentric contractions part to figure • Figure 10–21 Fast versus Slow Fibers revised • Figure 10–24 Smooth Muscle Tissue revised • Clinical Note: Tetanus revised • Clinical Note: Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness revised Chapter 11: The Muscular System • Nearly all figures in this chapter are now presented in the anterior view first and the posterior view second • New Figure 11–3 An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles • New Figure 11–10 Muscles of the Vertebral Column • New Figure 11–11 Oblique and Rectus Muscles and the Diaphragm revised and new part (a) added • Figure 11–13 An Overview of the Appendicular Muscles of the Trunk revised • Figure 11–14 Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle revised • Figure 11–15 Muscles That Move the Arm revised • Figure 11–17 Muscles That Move the Hand and Fingers revised • Figure 11–18 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand revised • Table 11–15 Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand reorganized • Figure 11–19 Muscles That Move the Thigh revised • Figure 11–20 Muscles That Move the Leg revised • New Figure 11–21 Extrinsic Muscles That Move the Foot and Toes • Figure 11–22 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot revised • Table 11–19 Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot reorganized • New Figure 11–23 System Integrator • Clinical Note: Hernia revised • Clinical Note: Intramuscular Injections revised Chapter 12: Neural Tissue • New Figure 12–3 A Structural Classification of Neurons • New Figure 12–4 An Introduction to Neuroglia • Figure 12–7 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Injury revised • Figure 12–8 An Overview of Neural Activities revised • New Figure 12–9 The Resting Potential Is the Transmembrane Potential of an Undisturbed Cell • New Figure 12–10 Electrochemical Gradients for Potassium and Sodium Ions • Old Figure 12–14 combined with old Table 12–3 for a new Spotlight Figure 12–14 Generation of an Action Potential • New Figure 12–16 Saltatory Propagation along a Myelinated Axon • Table 12–4 Synaptic Activity revised • New Figure 12–17 Events in the Functioning of a Cholinergic Synapse • New Figure 12–19 Temporal and Spatial Summation • Table 12–4 Synaptic Activity Revised • Clinical Note: Demyelination revised Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes • Figure 13–1 An Overview of Chapters 13 and 14 revised • Figure 13–6 A Peripheral Nerve revised