DETAILED CONTENTS 3 Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry 59 3.1 Functional Groups 59 2 Alkanes and Alkane Isomers 33 Alkyl Groups 9 34 Naming alkanes 3-5 Properties of Alkanes 78 3-6 Conformations of Ethane 79 3 Conformations of Other Alkanes 81 SOMETHING EXTRA Gasoline 85 Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry 87 41 Naming Cycloalkanes 88 42 Cis-Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes 91 Stability of Cycloalkanes:Ring Strain 4-4 Conformations of Cycloalkanes 95 45 Conformations of Cyclohexane 4-6 Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane 4-7 Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes 10 Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes 105 4-9 Conformations of Polycyclic Molecules 108 SoMETHING EXTRA Molecular Mechanics 11m 5 Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers 13 5-1 Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon 14 5-2 The Reason for Handedness in Molecules:Chirality 115 53 Optical Activity 54 Pasteur's Discovery of Enantiomers 5-5 Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration 名DetaileD Contents vii 3 organic Compounds: alkanes and their stereochemistry | 59 3-1 Functional groups 59 3-2 alkanes and alkane isomers 66 3-3 alkyl groups 69 3-4 naming alkanes 72 3-5 properties of alkanes 78 3-6 conformations of Ethane 79 3-7 conformations of other alkanes 81 soMetHinG eXtra gasoline 85 4 organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and their stereochemistry | 87 4-1 naming cycloalkanes 88 4-2 cis–trans isomerism in cycloalkanes 91 4-3 stability of cycloalkanes: Ring strain 93 4-4 conformations of cycloalkanes 95 4-5 conformations of cyclohexane 97 4-6 axial and Equatorial Bonds in cyclohexane 99 4-7 conformations of Monosubstituted cyclohexanes 102 4-8 conformations of Disubstituted cyclohexanes 105 4-9 conformations of polycyclic Molecules 108 soMetHinG eXtra Molecular Mechanics 111 5 stereochemistry at tetrahedral Centers | 113 5-1 Enantiomers and the tetrahedral carbon 114 5-2 the Reason for handedness in Molecules: chirality 115 5-3 optical activity 119 5-4 pasteur’s Discovery of Enantiomers 121 5-5 sequence Rules for specifying configuration 122 42912_00_FM_i-xxiv.indd 7 1/16/14 3:00 PM Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it