将来,养老金用社会保障信托基金的积累资金来支付 6. Broadly speaking, Social Security redistributes incomes from high-to-low income individuals from men to women, and from young to old One-earner married couples tend to gain relative to either two-earner couples or individuals 笼统地讲,社会保障把收入从高收入者再分配给低收入者,从男性再分配给女性,从年轻人再分 配给老年人。单职工夫妇往往比双职工夫妇或个人获益更多。 7. Over time, the economic status of the elderly has improved Social security benefits have played an important role in the development. 随着时间的推移,老年人的经济状况有了很大改善。社会保障金在这个变化过程中起到了重要作 用 8. Social Security may reduce private saving--the wealth substitution effect-or increase saving-the retirement and bequest effects. A reasonable conclusion on the basis of the econometric results is that saving has been reduced but by how much is not clear 社会保障可能减少私人储蓄(财富替代效应),或増加储蓄(退休效应和遗增效应)。根据经济计 量分析的结果,得出的一个合理结论是,储蓄减少了,但减少了多少并不清楚 9. The percentage of retired older workers has increased dramatically since the introduction of social Security. This is at least partially the result of work disincentives in the system 自从实行社会保障制度以来,退休老年工人的比例大大增加了。这至少部分是由该制度存在的工 作抑制作用造成的。 10. Social security taxes are project to fall short of benefits starting in about 2016. One possible response is to privatize the system-allow individuals to invest some or all of the contributions as they see fit. while such plans are worth of considering one must remember that unless a giving proposal lead to increased saving in the present, it will not help ease the burden of providing for the elderly in the future. 预计到2034年社会保障信托基金就会告罄。一种可能的对策就是将该制度私有化一允许个人将 其缴款的一部分或全部进行投资。虽然这种方案值得考虑,但我们必须记住,除非某一议案能使 现在的储蓄增加,否则它将无助于减轻将来向老年人提供养老金的负担 11. The unemployment insurance system has imperfect experien ce ratings for employs Moreover its benefits are frequently a substantial proportion of prior earings. Both these factors increase unemployment. 对雇主来说,失业保险制度的经验定率制是不完善的。而且,失业保险金占以前收入的比例往往 很大。这两个因素使失业增加 Chapter 10 Social Insurance I: Health Care Summary 03391101王玲玲03391102王娜03391106王新 O Health markets may be inefficient because of poor information, and because of the adverse selection and moral hazard problems associated with health insurance. 由于信息贫乏,再加上健康保险出现的逆向选择和道德风险问题,保健市场可能是无效率的。 O Most private medical insurance is provided through employers as a benefit to their employees. 大多数私人医疗保险由雇主作为一种福利提供给雇员10 将来，养老金用社会保障信托基金的积累资金来支付。 6. Broadly speaking, Social Security redistributes incomes from high-to-low income individuals from men to women, and from young to old. One-earner married couples tend to gain relative to either two-earner couples or individuals. 笼统地讲，社会保障把收入从高收入者再分配给低收入者，从男性再分配给女性，从年轻人再分 配给老年人。单职工夫妇往往比双职工夫妇或个人获益更多。 7. Over time, the economic status of the elderly has improved. Social Security benefits have played an important role in the development. 随着时间的推移，老年人的经济状况有了很大改善。社会保障金在这个变化过程中起到了重要作 用。 8. Social Security may reduce private saving--the wealth substitution effect—or increase saving—the retirement and bequest effects. A reasonable conclusion on the basis of the econometric results is that saving has been reduced, but by how much is not clear. 社会保障可能减少私人储蓄（财富替代效应），或增加储蓄（退休效应和遗增效应）。根据经济计 量分析的结果，得出的一个合理结论是，储蓄减少了，但减少了多少并不清楚。 9. The percentage of retired older workers has increased dramatically since the introduction of Social Security. This is at least partially the result of work disincentives in the system. 自从实行社会保障制度以来，退休老年工人的比例大大增加了。这至少部分是由该制度存在的工 作抑制作用造成的。 10. Social Security taxes are project to fall short of benefits starting in about 2016. One possible response is to privatize the system—allow individuals to invest some or all of the contributions as they see fit. While such plans are worth of considering, one must remember that unless a giving proposal lead to increased saving in the present, it will not help ease the burden of providing for the elderly in the future. 预计到 2034 年社会保障信托基金就会告罄。一种可能的对策就是将该制度私有化—允许个人将 其缴款的一部分或全部进行投资。虽然这种方案值得考虑，但我们必须记住，除非某一议案能使 现在的储蓄增加，否则它将无助于减轻将来向老年人提供养老金的负担。 11. The unemployment insurance system has imperfect experience ratings for employs. Moreover, its benefits are frequently a substantial proportion of prior earings. Both these factors increase unemployment. 对雇主来说，失业保险制度的经验定率制是不完善的。而且，失业保险金占以前收入的比例往往 很大。这两个因素使失业增加。 Chapter 10 Social Insurance Ⅱ: Health Care Summary 03391101 王玲玲 03391102 王娜 03391106 王新 ●Health markets may be inefficient because of poor information, and because of the adverse selection and moral hazard problems associated with health insurance. 由于信息贫乏，再加上健康保险出现的逆向选择和道德风险问题，保健市场可能是无效率的。 ●Most private medical insurance is provided through employers as a benefit to their employees. 大多数私人医疗保险由雇主作为一种福利提供给雇员