医学研究生学报2014年12月第27卷第12期J Med Postgra,Vol.27,No.12,December,2014 ·1335· 成为新生神经细胞，然后迁移到新的位置，并与其它 queous acetic acid droplets:effects of soluble organic aerosol 神经元建立突触联系，因此它的作用就会延迟0。 components on the mechanism of water evaporation []Phys Sahay等啊进一步实验证实了抗抑郁药物促进了海 ChemChem Phys,2013,15(28):116341639 [10]Li GY,Ueki H,Yamamoto Y,et al.Association between the 马区神经前体细胞的增殖，加速树突生长和成年海 scores on the general health questionnaire28 and the saliva levels 马新生神经元的存活。而阻断抗抑郁药诱导的海马 of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in normal volunteers []Bi- 神经再生作用，则抗抑郁药物失去了其抗抑郁的 ol Psychol,2006,73(2):209211. 效果网。 [11]Bhatt S,Mahesh R,Devadoss T,et al.Antidepressant-ike effect of novel 5-T3 receptor antagonist N-n-butyl3-ethoxyqui- 4结语 noxalin2-carboxamide (6p):an approach using rodent behavior- al antidepressant tests.Indian J Pharmacol,2013,45(4): 综上所述，抑郁症病因不清，发病机制复杂。明 348353. 确抑郁症的发病机制，对于抑郁症的诊治至关重要。 D2]Zarate C.Duman RS,Liu G,et al.New paradigms for treat- 有关抑郁症的治疗，应兼顾不同的发展学说，从多个 ment-resistant depression ]Ann NY Acad Sci,2013,1292 靶标着手研究。值得一提的是，抑郁症患者神经可 (1):2131. [13]Ferres-Cov A,Santana N,Castane A,et al.Acute 5-HT(1A) 塑性障碍，因此，探讨神经细胞信号通路对神经元及 autoreceptor knockdown increases antidepressant response and se- 胶质细胞再生调控的影响，进而揭示它们在抑郁症 rotonin release in stressful conditions ]Psychopharmacology 发生机制中的作用或将成为目前国内外研究的热 (Bel),2013,225(1):6174. 点。基于该学说，调整神经干细胞信号通路或将可 [14]Nugent AC,Carlson PJ,Bain EE,et al.Mood stabilizer treat- 能作为抗抑郁药物治疗的一种新策略B刚。 ment increases serotonin type IA receptor binding in bipolar de- pression J Psychopharmacol,2013,27(10):894902. 【参考文献】 [15]Andersen H,Braestrup C,Randrup A.Apomorphine-induced stereotyped biting in the tortoise in relation to dopaminergic mech- ]江开达.精神病学0.北京：人民卫生出版社，2005：123- anisms []Brain Behav Evol,1975,11(5-6):365-373. 124. [16]Szadeiko K,Szabat K,Ludwichowska A,et al.Homocysteine [2]Dennis CL,Dowswell T.Interventions (other than pharmacologi- and its role in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neu- cal,psychosocial or psychological)for treating antenatal depres- sion ]Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2013,7(7):6795- rodegenerative disorders []Przegl Lek,2013,70 (7):443- 457. 6802. B3]Schildkraut JJ,Gordon EK,Durell J.Catecholamine metabolism 17] Seppi K,Weintraub D,Coelho M,et al.The movement disorder in affective disorders.I.Normetanephrine and VMA excretion in society evidence-ased medicine review update:Treatments for depressed patients treated with imipramine ]J Psychiatr Res, the non-motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease ]Mov Disord, 2011,3(10):4250. 1965,3(4):213218. [4]Kyzar E,Stewart AM,Landsman S,et al.Behavioral effects of [18]Stahl SM,Lee-zimmaman C,Cartwright S,et al.Serotonergic bidirectional modulators of brain monoamines reserpine and dam- drugs for depression and beyond ]Curr Drug Targets,2013, phetamine in zebrafish []Brain Res,2013,1527 (8):108- 14(5):578585. 116. [19]luakura Y,Nava H,Sora L,et al.Dopamine DI receptor-in- [5]Brambilla F,Dalle Grave R,Calugi S,et al.Effects of cogni- duced signaling through TrkB receptors in striatal neurons].J tive-behavioral therapy on Eating Disorders:neurotransmitter se- Biol Chem,2008,283(23):1579915806. cretory response to treatment].Psychoneuroendocrinology, 120]Sykora C,Amor M,Schlenker E.Age and hypothyroidism affec 2010,35(5):729737. dopamine modulation of breathing and D2 receptor levels D]. [6]Fountoulakis KN,Kelsoe JK,Akiskal H.Receptor targets for Respir Physiol Neurobiol,2013,185(2):257-264. antidepressant therapy in bipolar disorder:an overview ]J Af- [21]Janowsky DS,El-Yousef MK,Davis JM,et al.A cholinergic-ad- feer Disord,2012,138(3):222238. renergic hypothesis of mania and depression ]Lancet,1972, Yaniv SP,Lueckj A,Klein E,et al.Dexamethasone enhances 2(7778):632635. the norepinephrine-induced ERK/MAPK intracellular pathway 22] 寻知元，张国双，江芮，等.选择性5羟色胺再摄取抑制 possibly via dysregulation of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor:im- 剂治疗无效抑郁症患者换用文拉法辛与锂强化治疗的对照 plications for antidepressant drug mechanism of action.Eur J 研究].临床精神医学杂志，2013,23(1)：4244. cell Biol,2010,89(9):712722. [23]龚绍麟.抑郁症M].北京：人民卫生出版社，2010：158- [8]Coppen A,Shaw DM,Malleson A.Changes in 5-hydroxytrypto- 160 phan metabolism in depression []Br J Psychiaty,1965,111 224]Hryhorczuk C,Sharma S,Fulton SE.Metabolic disturbances (1):105H07. connecting obesity and depression Front Neurosci,2013,7 Duffey KC.Shih O,Wong NL,et al.Evaporation kinetics of a- (10):1H4. ?1994-2015 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net成为新生神经细胞，然后迁移到新的位置，并与其它 神经元建立突触联系，因此它的作用就会延迟［40］。 Sahay 等［49］进一步实验证实了抗抑郁药物促进了海 马区神经前体细胞的增殖，加速树突生长和成年海 马新生神经元的存活。而阻断抗抑郁药诱导的海马 神经再生作用，则抗抑郁药物失去了其抗抑郁的 效果［50］。 4 结 语 综上所述，抑郁症病因不清，发病机制复杂。明 确抑郁症的发病机制，对于抑郁症的诊治至关重要。 有关抑郁症的治疗，应兼顾不同的发展学说，从多个 靶标着手研究。值得一提的是，抑郁症患者神经可 塑性障碍，因此，探讨神经细胞信号通路对神经元及 胶质细胞再生调控的影响，进而揭示它们在抑郁症 发生机制中的作用或将成为目前国内外研究的热 点。基于该学说，调整神经干细胞信号通路或将可 能作为抗抑郁药物治疗的一种新策略［51］。 【参考文献】 ［1］ 江开达． 精神病学［M］． 北京: 人民卫生出版社，2005: 123- 124． ［2］ Dennis CL，Dowswell T． Interventions ( other than pharmacologi￾cal，psychosocial or psychological) for treating antenatal depres￾sion［J］． Cochrane Database Syst Ｒev，2013，7 ( 7 ) : 6795- 6802． ［3］ Schildkraut JJ，Gordon EK，Durell J． Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders． I． Normetanephrine and VMA excretion in depressed patients treated with imipramine［J］． J Psychiatr Ｒes， 1965，3( 4) : 213-218． ［4］ Kyzar E，Stewart AM，Landsman S，et al． Behavioral effects of bidirectional modulators of brain monoamines reserpine and d-am￾phetamine in zebrafish［J］． Brain Ｒes，2013，1527 ( 8) : 108- 116． ［5］ Brambilla F，Dalle Grave Ｒ，Calugi S，et al． Effects of cogni￾tive-behavioral therapy on Eating Disorders: neurotransmitter se￾cretory response to treatment［J］． Psychoneuroendocrinology， 2010，35( 5) : 729-737． ［6］ Fountoulakis KN，Kelsoe JK，Akiskal H． Ｒeceptor targets for antidepressant therapy in bipolar disorder: an overview［J］． J Af￾fecr Disord，2012，138( 3) : 222-238． ［7］ Yaniv SP，Lueckj A，Klein E，et al． Dexamethasone enhances the norepinephrine-induced EＲK /MAPK intracellular pathway possibly via dysregulation of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor: im￾plications for antidepressant drug mechanism of action［J］． Eur J cell Biol，2010，89( 9) : 712-722． ［8］ Coppen A，Shaw DM，Malleson A． Changes in 5-hydroxytrypto￾phan metabolism in depression［J］． Br J Psychiaty，1965，111 ( 1) : 105-107． ［9］ Duffey KC，Shih O，Wong NL，et al． Evaporation kinetics of a￾queous acetic acid droplets: effects of soluble organic aerosol components on the mechanism of water evaporation［J］． Phys Chem Chem Phys，2013，15( 28) : 11634-11639． ［10］ Li GY，Ueki H，Yamamoto Y，et al． Association between the scores on the general health questionnaire-28 and the saliva levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in normal volunteers［J］． Bi￾ol Psychol，2006，73( 2) : 209-211． ［11］ Bhatt S，Mahesh Ｒ，Devadoss T，et al． Antidepressant-like effect of novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist N-n-butyl-3-ethoxyqui￾noxalin-2-carboxamide ( 6p) : an approach using rodent behavior￾al antidepressant tests［J］． Indian J Pharmacol，2013，45( 4) : 348-353． ［12］ Zarate C，Duman ＲS，Liu G，et al． New paradigms for treat￾ment-resistant depression［J］． Ann NY Acad Sci，2013，1292 ( 1) : 21-31． ［13］ Ferres-Coy A，Santana N，Castane A，et al． Acute 5-HT( 1A) autoreceptor knockdown increases antidepressant response and se￾rotonin release in stressful conditions［J］． Psychopharmacology ( Berl) ，2013，225( 1) : 61-74． ［14］ Nugent AC，Carlson PJ，Bain EE，et al． Mood stabilizer treat￾ment increases serotonin type 1A receptor binding in bipolar de￾pression［J］． J Psychopharmacol，2013，27( 10) : 894-902． ［15］ Andersen H，Braestrup C，Ｒandrup A． Apomorphine-induced stereotyped biting in the tortoise in relation to dopaminergic mech￾anisms［J］． Brain Behav Evol，1975，11( 5-6) : 365-373． ［16］ Szadejko K，Szabat K，Ludwichowska A，et al． Homocysteine and its role in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neu￾rodegenerative disorders［J］． Przegl Lek，2013，70 ( 7 ) : 443- 457． ［17］ Seppi K，Weintraub D，Coelho M，et al． The movement disorder society evidence-based medicine review update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson＇s disease［J］． Mov Disord， 2011，3( 10) : 42-50． ［18］ Stahl SM，Lee-zimmaman C，Cartwriqht S，et al． Serotonergic drugs for depression and beyond［J］． Curr Drug Targets，2013， 14( 5) : 578-585． ［19］ Iuakura Y，Nava H，Sora L，et al． Dopamine Dl receptor-in￾duced signaling through TrkB receptors in striatal neurons［J］． J Biol Chem，2008，283( 23) : 15799-15806． ［20］ Sykora C，Amor M，Schlenker E． Age and hypothyroidism affect dopamine modulation of breathing and D2 receptor levels［J］． Ｒespir Physiol Neurobiol，2013，185( 2) : 257-264． ［21］ Janowsky DS，El-Yousef MK，Davis JM，et al． A cholinergic-ad￾renergic hypothesis of mania and depression［J］． Lancet，1972， 2( 7778) : 632-635． ［22］ 寻知元，张国双，江 芮，等． 选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制 剂治疗无效抑郁症患者换用文拉法辛与锂强化治疗的对照 研究［J］． 临床精神医学杂志，2013，23( 1) : 42-44． ［23］ 龚绍麟． 抑郁症［M］． 北京: 人民卫生出版社，2010: 158- 160． ［24］ Hryhorczuk C，Sharma S，Fulton SE． Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression［J］． Front Neurosci，2013，7 ( 10) : 1-14． 医学研究生学报 2014 年 12 月 第 27 卷 第 12 期 J Med Postgra，Vol． 27，No． 12，December，2014 · 5331 ·