Liang Chi-chao Kangs student and assistant from the 1880s Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao( Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896 a Liangs writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education a Liang hope there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness-"new people' under the mobilization of Groups of gentry-literatiLiang Ch’i-ch’ao  Kang’s student and assistant from the 1880s  Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao (Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896  Liang’s writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology  To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions  To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education  Liang’ hope – there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness – “new people” under the mobilization of “Groups” of gentry-literati