The Birth of nationalism
The Birth of Nationalism
Nationalism a Developed from anti-foreign feelings- national consciousness (esp in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs Sinocentrism Economic nationalism-developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, " using the trade as a weapon''(competition, shang-than The concept of national sovereignty -political nationalism Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired -the effort to abolish extraterritoriality' The new Nationalism in 1900-awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry class
Nationalism Developed from anti-foreign feelings – national consciousness (esp. in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs. Sinocentrism Economic nationalism – developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, “using the trade as a weapon” (competition, shang-zhan) The concept of national sovereignty – political nationalism. Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired – the effort to abolish ‘extraterritoriality’ The New Nationalism in 1900 – awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression. Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry class
Liang Chi-chao Kangs student and assistant from the 1880s Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao( Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896 a Liangs writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education a Liang hope there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness-"new people' under the mobilization of Groups of gentry-literati
Liang Ch’i-ch’ao Kang’s student and assistant from the 1880s Editor of Shi-wu p(b)ao (Chinese progress) in Shanghai, 1896 Liang’s writing about nationalism and democratization, political reform more important than Western technology To learn from Japan through translation works, a total remodeling of educational institutions To abolish the civil examinations, to spread useful knowledge and to provide a political education Liang’ hope – there would emerge a citizenry with political consciousness – “new people” under the mobilization of “Groups” of gentry-literati
Liang chi-chao and Nationalism Rose to fame during the reform Movement in 1898; After the loss of the Hundred Days Reform, exiled to Japan, a newspaper editor 1898-1902 Qingyi Bao "a paper of public opinions 1902, Xinmin Congbao "a miscellaneous paper for a new people?'-new people, the renovation of the people-patriotic new culture movement Rebel element of chinese scholar class. rebel reformers Eloquent style gave his writings great force, writing style powerful and emotional, principles of patriotism and citizenship. A reformer of ideas rather than a revolutionist
Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and Nationalism Rose to fame during the Reform Movement in 1898; After the loss of the Hundred Days Reform, exiled to Japan, a newspaper editor 1898-1902 Qingyi Bao “a paper of public opinions 1902, Xinmin Congbao “a miscellaneous paper for a new people” –new people, the renovation of the people – patriotic new culture movement Rebel element of Chinese scholar class, rebel reformers Eloquent style gave his writings great force, writing style, powerful and emotional, principles of patriotism and citizenship. A reformer of ideas rather than a revolutionist
Sun Yat-sen Education and experience as a student (Western medicine and only semi-trained in the Chinese classics, never upper-class literati His program for China's reconstruction, his persistent plotting to overthrow the machus Revive China society''(Xingzhong Hui), 1894 a Second period of revolutionary though, 1900-political aim of the revolution became republicanism, nationalism, and"Three peoples principles USing Japan as their base in the early 1900s, to form a secret revolutionary league Tongmeng Hui, 1905 Revolutionary attempts, the uprising of October 10, 1911
Sun Yat-sen Education and experience as a student (Western medicine and only semi-trained in the Chinese classics, never upper-class literati His program for China’s reconstruction, his persistent plotting to overthrow the Machus “Revive China Society” (Xingzhong Hui), 1894 Second period of revolutionary though, 1900– political aim of the revolution became republicanism, nationalism, and “Three people’s principles” Using Japan as their base in the early 1900s, to form a secret revolutionary league Tongmeng Hui, 1905 Revolutionary attempts, the uprising of October 10, 1911
Liang and Sun After the Hundred Days Reform, Liang escaped to Japan and worked on newspapers and translations a paper for public opinions and for a new people'-the need for the renovation of the people'; New people's principles ■Thro bug gh the theme of new people'-new culture movement and a new nation in patriotic sentiments Republican was still impossible, because the educational standard was too low, while constitutional monarchism would permit gradual progress a Sun Yat-sen( 1866-1925), mixed educational background, never among the upper-class literati, rather Westernized Anti-Manchu, anti-dynastic, anti-imperialism A revolutionary leader(Hankow in Oct 1911) and other risings a Provincial autonomy against monarchic centralization(provincial assemblies), and Sun had little power to control
Liang and Sun After the Hundred Days Reform, Liang escaped to Japan and worked on newspapers and translations. ‘paper for public opinions’ and ‘for a new people’ – the need for ‘the renovation of the people’; New people’s principles Through the theme of ‘new people’ – new culture movement and a new nation in patriotic sentiments. Republican was still impossible, because the educational standard was too low; while constitutional monarchism would permit gradual progress Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), mixed educational background, never among the upper-class literati, rather Westernized Anti-Manchu, anti-dynastic, anti-imperialism A revolutionary leader (Hankow in Oct 1911) and other risings Provincial autonomy against monarchic centralization (provincial assemblies) , and Sun had little power to control
What happened after Oct 1911? a The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government-1912 2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power(warlordism a Nationalism(Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression
What happened after Oct 1911? The revolution of 1911: Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as provisional president; however, had little power to control the forces behind it. Yuan Shikai, the builder of the New Army in North China, ran the Peking government – 1912.2.12 the Last Manchu Emperor abdicated to Yuan The end of monarchy in 1912 marked the beginning of a crisis of authority and central power (warlordism) Nationalism (Chinese state, culture and people) had not yet found institutional expression
