China's Physical geography Why geography is important to understand human past: Is geography decisive China's Physical Geography RUSSIAN FEDERATION Biks KAZAKHSTAN a/ MONGOLIA M anchuria I nn Mongolia Taklimakan Qilian Shan Sh a nt ELLow d oing Zang PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Great Plai Tibetan Plateau in Lin of China JAPAN Tanggula Shan EAST Tibet CHINA SEA INDIA ( MYANMAR) VIETNAM SOUTH CHINA
China’s Physical Geography Why geography is important to understand human past? Is geography decisive?
G. William Skinner: Macro-regions North china ■ Northwest china Lower yangzi Middle yangzi U1 pper Yangzi ■ Southeast coast ■ Far south ■ Southwest china
G. William Skinner: Macro-regions North China Northwest China Lower Yangzi Middle Yangzi Upper Yangzi Southeast Coast Far South Southwest China
Geography: North and South(1) North: dry wheat-millet area a The North China Plain: villages, farm a The Yellow(huang river, the Mother river Loess area: Ecological problem Deforestation. Erosion. and floods a Small plots of land, hard life
Geography: North and South (1) North: dry wheat-millet area The North China Plain: villages, farm The Yellow (Huang) River, the Mother River Loess area: Ecological problem Deforestation, Erosion, and Floods Small plots of land, hard life
The Yellow river and Loess soil
The Yellow River and Loess Soil
Geography: North and South(2) South: moist rice growing areas a Landscape: hilly, rice terraces, rivers, valleys a Population Density: 6/7 population live on 1/3 land that is cultivable Rainfall. monsoon from the south china sea a Cultivation: double-cropped, triple-cropped
Geography: North and South (2) South: moist rice growing areas Landscape: hilly, rice terraces, rivers, valleys Population Density: 6/7 population live on 1/3 land that is cultivable Rainfall, monsoon from the South China Sea Cultivation: double-cropped, triple-cropped
Hills anc alleys of south China
Hills and Valleys of South China
Chinese Language Modern Standard Mandarin MSm Written vs. Spoken a Pinyin romanization(phonetic transcription Writing: ideographic rather than phonetic script a Spoken language and dialects a7 major topolects (regional dialects 1 Nothern topolect and 6 in the South Written language and the elite culture, literati
Chinese Language Modern Standard Mandarin (MSM) Written vs. Spoken Pinyin romanization (phonetic transcription) Writing: ideographic rather than phonetic script Spoken language and dialects 7 major topolects (regional dialects) 1 Nothern topolect and 6 in the South Written language and the elite culture, literati
Major Periods in Imperial china estern Zhou, c.a. 1100-771 BC Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period 770-476 BC(the Feudal System, Confucius 551-479 BC, The Analects a Warring States 403-221 BC (Philosophical Foundations Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC(First Emperor, Great Wal a Han Dynasty 206 BC-220( Confucian studies) Period of north-South disunion 220-589 Sui dynasty 589-618 Tang Dynasty 618-907(Medieval Flowering)
Major Periods in Imperial China Western Zhou, c.a. 1100-771 BC Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period 770-476 BC (the Feudal System, Confucius 551-479 BC, The Analects) Warring States 403-221 BC (Philosophical Foundations) Qin Dynasty 221-206 BC (First Emperor, Great Wall) Han Dynasty 206 BC- 220 (Confucian studies) Period of North-South disunion 220-589 Sui Dynasty 589-618 Tang Dynasty 618-907 (“Medieval Flowering”)
Song Dynasty 960-1279( Commercial Revolution, Great Inventions) Yuan Mongols)1279-1368 a Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 a Qing(Manchus)1644-1911 *End of Imperial China Republic of China(1912-1949 mainland China a New China(1949-)
Song Dynasty 960-1279 (Commercial Revolution, Great Inventions) Yuan (Mongols) 1279-1368 Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Qing (Manchus) 1644-1911 **End of Imperial China) Republic of China (1912-1949 mainland China) New China (1949 - )
The Confucian Code Confucius(551-479 bC) and analect a Ideal world: conventions govern actions harmony Hierarchy: superior- inferior a Social order: everyones role and performance jun jun chen chen fu fu zi zi ■h,“ proper behavior according to status a Governor's virtue of right conduct
The Confucian Code Confucius (551-479 BC) and Analect Ideal world: conventions govern actions -- harmony Hierarchy: superior – inferior Social order: everyone’s role and performance [“jun jun chen chen fu fu zi zi”] li, “proper behavior according to status” Governor's virtue of right conduct