Nationalism a Developed from anti-foreign feelings- national consciousness (esp in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs Sinocentrism Economic nationalism-developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, " using the trade as a weapon''(competition, shang-than The concept of national sovereignty -political nationalism Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired -the effort to abolish extraterritoriality' The new Nationalism in 1900-awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry classNationalism  Developed from anti-foreign feelings – national consciousness (esp. in treaty ports), only one nation among nations vs. Sinocentrism  Economic nationalism – developed from trade relations in treaty ports; economic control over the Westerners, “using the trade as a weapon” (competition, shang-zhan)  The concept of national sovereignty – political nationalism. Treaties lacked equality, so sovereignty was impaired – the effort to abolish ‘extraterritoriality’  The New Nationalism in 1900 – awakening of patriotism roused by the acts of imperialist aggression.  Literacy of local citizens and the role of gentry class