precision and fexibiityofexprsood articulation and elocution.And,in thisoithe importancef exposure to different varieties of English spoken and written by native speakers and constant exposure to various relevant publications in Chinese cannot be overemphasized. 3) translator should work untiringly.This is because lack of knowledge of the"subiect matter "dealt with by the original speaker can becomeaseousstumbng-bockreven thecause for.A competent have some knowledge in all the multifarious fields with which he deals.and the level of that knowedge must be adequate for understanding. I BASIC QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THE INTERPRETER 1. Here.it seems pertinent to start with a brief analysis of the different'work situations"conected with translation and interpretation.In the case of translation,except for the most urgent job,if a word or phrase does not come to mind,one may stop to think until one finds it or has chosen some altemnative:if errors of expression occur.one can get them carefully erased and eliminated from a final draft if a paragraph is rather""extremely involved"onecan usually afford the time to ponder over it and to consult reference books,dictionaries,or one's more experienced colleagues.All such "facilities".however,are denied an interpreter at work!Generally speaking.if an interpreter misses a word or two,or if he hears a few words unknown to him,he has to try his best to follow the flow of the original speaker,grasp the latter's idea and put it cross in the.He afford the time totu the matter in his mindagain and this can be said that the main factor which distinguishes interpretation from translation is TIME-too little time at the disposal of a osecutive less time at the disposal of asimutaneous interpreter in the booth. Basic Qualities: a strong sense of duty 2) a good command of the languages involved 3) an"encyclopaedic knowledge" acute hearing In the context of interpretation,an interpreter should be aware that'to hear in interpreting is not merely to know all are being spoke.It is imperative tograsp the"dea"theoriginal while listening.no mater how complex the subject matter.how"unusual"the original speaker's style or accent or intonation might be.An interpreter should be soberly aware that with extremely rare what is clearly heard and grasped can be properly rendered into the target language swallow part of his words.He should moreover see to it that his voice should carry well and be pleasant to hear.In short,he should form thegood habit of speaking distinctly and naturally,and take care never to sound affected. 6) Familiarity with"simultaneous note-takingAgood interpreter must.of necessity,be good at note-taking.He should leam to be able to concentrate on listening to grasp the speaker's"idea"while jotting down a few"key words"in the mean time.usually with each "word(or"sign"or"symbo")representing a"sense groupr a"figure(or a proper name,etc.).And the object of note-taking is mainly to supplement memory efficiency.so as to ensure accuracy in interpreting. Agood memory Two things are usually expected of an interpreter's memory.(A)Itshould store up an exceptionally larg vocabulary(including the relevant specialised "terms")and a great wealth of "relevant important formulations"along with the comresponding correct translation in the target language;(B)it should accurately absorb and retain the idea(the series of ideas just expressed by the speaker.This,too,can be cultivated in an intensive process of practiceprecision and flexibility of expression, good articulation and elocution. And, in this connection, the importance of constant exposure to different varieties of English spoken and written by native speakers and constant exposure to various relevant publications in Chinese cannot be overemphasized. 3) Encyclopaedic knowledge, though hardly possible in practice, is a goal towards which the conscientious interpreter or translator should work untiringly. This is because lack of knowledge of the "subject matter " dealt with by the original speaker can become a serious stumbling-block, or even the cause for which an interpreter "gets stuck". A competent interpreter must have some knowledge in all the multifarious fields with which he deals , and the level of that knowledge must be adequate for understanding. III. BASIC QUALITIES REQUIRED OF THE INTERPRETER 1. Here, it seems pertinent to start with a brief analysis of the different "work situations" connected with translation and interpretation. In the case of translation, except for the most urgent job, if a word or phrase does not come to mind, one may stop to think until one finds it or has chosen some alternative; if errors of expression occur, one can get them carefully erased and eliminated from a final draft; if a sentence or a paragraph is rather "subtle" or "extremely involved", one can usually afford the time to ponder over it and to consult reference books, dictionaries, or one's more experienced colleagues. All such "facilities" , however, are denied an interpreter at work! Generally speaking, if an interpreter misses a word or two, or if he hears a few words unknown to him, he has to try his best to follow the flow of the original speaker, grasp the latter's idea and put it across in the target language. He simple cannot afford the time to "turn the matter in his mind again and again". In this sense, it can be said that the main factor which distinguishes interpretation from translation is TIME - too little time at the disposal of a consecutive interpreter, and still less time at the disposal of a simultaneous interpreter in the booth. 2. Basic Qualities: 1) a strong sense of duty 2) a good command of the languages involved 3) an "encyclopaedic knowledge" 4) acute hearing In the context of interpretation, an interpreter should be aware that "to hear" in interpreting is not merely to know all the "words" that are being spoke. It is imperative to grasp the "idea"(or "real meaning") of the original while listening, no mater how complex the subject matter, how "unusual" the original speaker's style or accent or intonation might be. An interpreter should be soberly aware that with extremely rare exceptions only what is clearly heard and grasped can be properly rendered into the target language. 5) A good articulation The interpreter's articulation and elocution should be reasonably good. He should be careful not to swallow part of his words. He should moreover see to it that his voice should carry well and be pleasant to hear. In short, he should form the good habit of speaking distinctly and naturally, and take care never to sound affected. 6) Familiarity with "simultaneous note-taking" A good interpreter must, of necessity, be good at note-taking. He should learn to be able to concentrate on listening to grasp the speaker's "idea" while jotting down a few "key words" in the mean time, usually with each "word"(or "sign", or "symbol") representing a "sense group" or a "figure"(or a proper name, etc.). And the object of note-taking is mainly to supplement memory efficiency, so as to ensure accuracy in interpreting. 7) A good memory Two things are usually expected of an interpreter's memory. (A) It should store up an exceptionally large vocabulary(including the relevant specialised "terms") and a great wealth of "relevant important formulations" along with the corresponding correct translation in the target language; (B) it should accurately absorb and retain the idea(the series of ideas) just expressed by the speaker. This, too, can be cultivated in an intensive process of practice