Unpredictable.impromptu.bilingual activity High pressure.tense atmosphere for interpreter Individual operation/responsibility Complex application of knowledge and skills like sight.listening.writing.reading I.More About Interpretation 1. In the case of complex ofdiscoursesor speeches,interpretation also" encyclopaedic knowledge 2 INTERPRETATION may assume either of the two most widely-used,distinct forms-consecutive interpretation or simultaneous interpretation.n case the interpreter is under the between chunks of the speech (or rather,immediately after the original speaker has completed a few connected sentences or,in most cases,a fairly long paragraph).he will be doing"consecutive interpretation",and he is technically referred to as aconsecutive interpreter".On the other hand,if he is instructed tointerpret while is being made.as is always the case with formal meetings at the U.N.and its related agencies,then he will be doing "simultaneous interpretation",and he is called a "simultaneous interpreter or"conference interpreter CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION.which requires no well-equipped booths and sophisticated wiring system.is the most widely used form of interpretation in China on various occasions-ranging from formal talks or negotiations to helping a foreign tourist to get over his language ifficulties in shopping in an our-of-the-way store. SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION.which occupies no time apart from that taken by the original speaker but requires rather expensive and highly sophisticated sets of electronic equipment.is increasingly needed at international meetings and conferences where a large number of countries are represented.This fomm of interpretation,which requires very intensive specific training to attain proficiency and the training programme for which is internationally accepted as a post-graduate training programme 5. In addition,there is the third form-"On-sight Interpretation"or"At-sight Interpretation"or simply,"Sight-Interpretation"-which for all practical purposes is basically similar interpretationn approachn the part of interpreter 6 Furthermore,there is the fourth fomWhispering"which is sometimes used at small meetings or at a meeting whereno arrangement or equipment for either consecutive or simultaneous interpretation is made and,in such cases,an interpreter's assigned job is sometimes to whisper into the ear ofoneor wo representatives(occasionally a row of threesiting inront of the interpreter)what is being said by the original speaker. Il.PREREQUISITES FOR INTERPRETATION 1 "The main difficulty with interpretation is that it is impossible to do it perfectly." is a very complex matter.The case is:there is havedone better. Prerequisites for interpretation:1)a strong sense of duty:")linguisitic proficiency:3)encyclopaedic knowledge 4)mastery of interpretation techniques. An interpreter's strong sense of duty always finds expression in respects.First he is most particular about being conscientious-conscientious in pre-conference preparations.conscientious in following the original speaker and fumishing the best possible rendition,conscientious in abiding by the "professional ethics"and the relevant rules and regulations. "Linguistic proficiency in the context of interpretation,means primarily a fairly goodcommand of the languages involved and a good grasp of the cultures of languages involved.Specifically.it means,acute hearing.exceptionally large vocabulary. Unpredictable, impromptu, bilingual activity High pressure, tense atmosphere for interpreter Individual operation/responsibility Complex application of knowledge and skills like sight, listening, writing, reading Encyclopedic content I. More About Interpretation 1. In the case of complex of discourses or speeches, interpretation involves not only "linguistic proficiency" but also " encyclopaedic knowledge". 2. INTERPRETATION may assume either of the two most widely-used, distinct forms -consecutive interpretation or simultaneous interpretation. In case the interpreter is under the instructions to "interpret between chunks of the original speech" (or rather, immediately after the original speaker has completed a few connected sentences or, in most cases, a fairly long paragraph), he will be doing "consecutive interpretation", and he is technically referred to as a "consecutive interpreter". On the other hand, if he is instructed to interpret while the original speech is being made, as is always the case with formal meetings at the U.N. and its related agencies, then he will be doing "simultaneous interpretation", and he is called a "simultaneous interpreter or "conference interpreter". 3. CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION, which requires no well-equipped booths and sophisticated wiring system, is the most widely used form of interpretation in China on various occasions-ranging from formal talks or negotiations to helping a foreign tourist to get over his language difficulties in shopping in an our-of -the-way store. 4. SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION, which occupies no time apart from that taken by the original speaker but requires rather expensive and highly sophisticated sets of electronic equipment, is increasingly needed at international meetings and conferences where a large number of countries are represented. This form of interpretation, which requires very intensive specific training to attain proficiency and the training programme for which is internationally accepted as a post-graduate professional training programme. 5. In addition, there is the third form-"On-sight Interpretation" or "At-sight Interpretation" or simply, "Sight-Interpretation"-which , for all practical purposes, is basically similar to "simultaneous interpretation" in approach on the part of interpreter. 6. Furthermore, there is the fourth form - "Whispering" -which is sometimes used at small meetings or at a meeting where no arrangement or equipment for either consecutive or simultaneous interpretation is made and, in such cases, an interpreter's assigned job is sometimes to whisper into the ear of one or two representatives(occasionally a row of three sitting in front of the interpreter) what is being said by the original speaker. II. PREREQUISITES FOR INTERPRETATION 1. "The main difficulty with interpretation is that it is impossible to do it perfectly." "Interpretation is a very complex matter. The case is: there is always something I could have done better." 2. Prerequisites for interpretation: 1) a strong sense of duty; ") linguisitic proficiency; 3) encyclopaedic knowledge 4)mastery of interpretation techniques. 1) An interpreter's strong sense of duty always finds expression in respects. First, he is most particular about being conscientious- conscientious in pre-conference preparations, conscientious in following the original speaker and furnishing the best possible rendition, conscientious in abiding by the "professional ethics" and the relevant rules and regulations. 2) "Linguistic proficiency", in the context of interpretation, means primarily a fairly good command of the languages involved and a good grasp of the cultures of languages involved. Specifically, it means, acute hearing, exceptionally large vocabulary