a (3)As an adverbial of cause, infinitive clauses generally collocate with adjectives or verbs denoting emotion or fortune. eg I am delighted to know that you have got a job a She wept to see him in such a terrible state a 5-ing Participle clauses An-ing participle clause is a"subject predicate? construction with an -Ing participle as predicator 1)Types of -ing participle clauses ing participle clauses may be with an expressed subject, some with a subordinator and some with neither a subject nor a subordinator a (1)-ing participle clause without expressed subject or subordinator he denied having been there Ihe ave a triend living in london beating a child will do more harm than good.◼ (3) As an adverbial of cause, infinitive clauses generally collocate with adjectives or verbs denoting emotion or fortune, eg: ◼ I am delighted to know that you have got a job. ◼ She wept to see him in such a terrible state. ◼ 5 –ing Participle Clauses ◼ An –ing participle clause is a “subject + predicate” construction with an –ing participle as predicator. ◼ 1) Types of –ing participle clauses ◼ -ing participle clauses may be with an expressed subject, some with a subordinator, and some with neither a subject nor a subordinator. ◼ (1) –ing participle clause without expressed subject or subordinator ◼ He denied having been there. ◼ I have a friend living in London. ◼ Beating a child will do more harm than good