Attitudinal -ing participle clauses have become set expressions whose logical subject may be identified as the speaker, himself or people in general,eg Judging from what you say, he has done his best Generally speaking, this book is not very dificult (2)-ing participle clause with subordinator When sleeping I never hear a thing (3)-ing participle clause with expressed subject Do you mind my making a suggestion? (object) My parents object to my going out alone It is no use your pretending to be deaf. (subject) The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (absolute construction◼ Attitudinal –ing participle clauses have become set expressions, whose logical subject may be identified as the speaker, himself or people in general, eg: ◼ Judging from what you say, he has done his best. ◼ Generally speaking, this book is not very difficult. ◼ (2) –ing participle clause with subordinator ◼ When sleeping, I never hear a thing. ◼ (3) –ing participle clause with expressed subject ◼ Do you mind my making a suggestion?(object) ◼ My parents object to my going out alone. ◼ It is no use your pretending to be deaf. (subject) ◼ The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (absolute construction)