2) Syntactic functions of -ing participle clauses a (1)-ing participle clauses can be used as subject, object, and subject/object complement a I like getting up in the morning This is a box for holding chessmen I noticed an old man crossing the road. a (2)As adverbials, -ing participle clauses can be used in various senses Climbing to the top the tower, we saw a magnificent view. Being a hard-working young man, he was praised by his teachers You will make yourself more tired keeping on your feet Knowing all this, he still insisted on my paying for the damage It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area a The old man was asleep, holding a book in his hand.◼ 2) Syntactic functions of –ing participle clauses ◼ (1) –ing participle clauses can be used as subject, object, and subject/object complement. ◼ I like getting up in the morning. ◼ This is a box for holding chessmen. ◼ I noticed an old man crossing the road. ◼ (2) As adverbials, -ing participle clauses can be used in various senses. ◼ Climbing to the top the tower, we saw a magnificent view. ◼ Being a hard-working young man, he was praised by his teachers. ◼ You will make yourself more tired keeping on your feet. ◼ Knowing all this, he still insisted on my paying for the damage. ◼ It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that area. ◼ The old man was asleep, holding a book in his hand