332 C.Haase et al.Acta Materialia 80 (2014)327-340 1+ cold rolled T=3.1 T=3.2 T=3.2 recovered 11 10 T=3.2 T=3.3 T=3.3 early RX X<10% T=3.0 T=3.24 T=2.9 advanced RX X>50% T=2.2 T=2.9 T=2.6 complete RX X=100% T=1.6 T=2.1 T=2.0 (a) (b) (c) Fig.4.ODF sections at 2=45 of the (a)30%cold-rolled,(b)40%cold-rolled and (c)50%cold-rolled material after cold rolling,recovery annealing. partial and complete recrystallization annealing. 40 low,a clear trend in texture development during annealing 50%CR is observed,which is consistent with the behavior of similar 2 min TWIP steels [51.54].During the recovery stage,the texture 15 min 30 intensity was slightly strengthened,which was accompa- 30 min 1h nied by an increase of the texture indices.During further 2h (recrystallization)annealing,the main texture components 20 8h were retained due to oriented nucleation,whereas addi- 24h tional annealing twinning facilitated evolution of a com- plete a-fiber [51]as well as further randomization [56.74] (cf.Fig.4).This behavior can also be seen from the volume fractions of the main texture components during annealing, which is exemplarily shown for the 50%cold-rolled mate- rial annealed at 550C(cf.Fig.5).As a result of disloca- CuT Copper Goss Brass Random tions'recovery,the volume fraction of randomly oriented Fig.5.Volume fractions of the main texture components of the 50%cold- grains decreased,whereas the fractions of the main rolled material during annealing at 550 C.low, a clear trend in texture development during annealing is observed, which is consistent with the behavior of similar TWIP steels [51,54]. During the recovery stage, the texture intensity was slightly strengthened, which was accompa￾nied by an increase of the texture indices. During further (recrystallization) annealing, the main texture components were retained due to oriented nucleation, whereas addi￾tional annealing twinning facilitated evolution of a com￾plete a-fiber [51] as well as further randomization [56,74] (cf. Fig. 4). This behavior can also be seen from the volume fractions of the main texture components during annealing, which is exemplarily shown for the 50% cold-rolled mate￾rial annealed at 550 C (cf. Fig. 5). As a result of disloca￾tions’ recovery, the volume fraction of randomly oriented grains decreased, whereas the fractions of the main Fig. 4. ODF sections at u2 = 45 of the (a) 30% cold-rolled, (b) 40% cold-rolled and (c) 50% cold-rolled material after cold rolling, recovery annealing, partial and complete recrystallization annealing. CuT Copper Goss S Brass Random 0 10 20 30 40 f [vol.%] 50% CR 2 min 15 min 30 min 1 h 2 h 8 h 24 h Fig. 5. Volume fractions of the main texture components of the 50% cold￾rolled material during annealing at 550 C. 332 C. Haase et al. / Acta Materialia 80 (2014) 327–340