工程科学学报，第40卷，第4期：389-396,2018年4月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.40,No.4:389-396,April 2018 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2018.04.001:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 电弧焊接数值模拟中热源模型的研究与发展 朱志明⑧，符平坡，杨中宇，郭吉昌 清华大学机械工程系先进成形制造教有部重点实验室，北京100084 ☒通信作者，E-mail:zzmdme(@mail.tsinghua.cdu.cn 摘要焊接过程的数值模拟作为一种有效的计算手段，在焊接温度场及残余应力分布的评价中获得了广泛应用，而焊接热 源模型的选择及模型参数的确定直接影响到计算和评价结果的准确性.本文通过对近年来常用的电弧焊接热源模型进行梳 理，介绍了其研究进展，分析了不同热源模型的特点及适用性.高斯面热源模型和双椭球体热源模型作为基础热源模型，广泛 应用于较小尺寸工件和规则轨迹的焊接过程数值模拟，且具有较高的计算精度：简化热源模型和温度替代型热源模型多用于 大厚工件的多层多道焊接及复杂轨迹焊接过程的数值模拟，能够实现效率和精度的统一；多丝电弧焊接热源较为复杂，采用 修正后的双椭球体叠加热源模型，计算结果能保证一定的精度：结合型热源模型对熔池形状的描述更灵活，在深熔电弧焊的 数值模拟中具有优势.本文可为电弧焊接过程数值模拟的热源模型选择和模型参数确定提供有益参考· 关键词电弧焊接；数值模拟：基础热源模型；简化热源模型：多丝电弧：温度替代；结合型热源模型 分类号TG402 Research and development of a heat-source model in numerical simulations for the arc welding process ZHU Zhi-ming,FU Ping-po,YANG Zhong-yu,GUO Ji-chang Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology (Ministry of Education of China),Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua Uni- versity,Beijing 100084,China Corresponding author,E-mail:zzmdme@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn ABSTRACT As an effective computational method,the numerical simulation of welding processes has been widely used in evaluating welding temperature fields and residual stress distributions.In the numerical simulation process,the selection of the welding heat- source model and the confirmation of model parameters will directly affect the accuracy of the calculation and the evaluation results. Some heat-source models commonly used in numerical simulations of the arc welding process were surveyed in this article:advances in their development were introduced,and their characteristics and applicability were analyzed.As basic heat-source models,the Gauss surface heat-source modes and double-ellipsoid-volume heat-source model have been widely used in the numerical simulation of arc welding for workpieces with a relatively small size and a regular welding trajectory,and the calculation results have been demonstrated to be accurate.In the numerical simulation of arc welding processes for large and thick workpieces welded using multi-layer or multi- pass techniques and for workpieces with a complex welding trajectory,the simplified heat-source model and temperature-substitution heat-source model are chiefly applied,and the calculation efficiency and precision can be well balanced.The heat source of multi-wire arc welding is comparatively complicated,and the superposed model of modified double-ellipsoid-volume heat-source models can ensure a certain accuracy of the calculation results.The combined heat-source model is more flexible in the shape description of the molten pool and has advantages in the numerical simulation of arc welding with deep penetration.The all-around induction and analyses in this article are expected to provide valuable reference and guidance for the selection of a heat-source model and for confirming model param- 收稿日期：2017-08-15 基金项目：铁道部科技研究开发计划重大资助项目(2008G001C):国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075231)工程科学学报，第 40 卷，第 4 期: 389--396，2018 年 4 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 40，No． 4: 389--396，April 2018 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2018． 04． 001; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 电弧焊接数值模拟中热源模型的研究与发展 朱志明，符平坡，杨中宇，郭吉昌 清华大学机械工程系先进成形制造教育部重点实验室，北京 100084 通信作者，E-mail: zzmdme@ mail． tsinghua． edu． cn 摘 要 焊接过程的数值模拟作为一种有效的计算手段，在焊接温度场及残余应力分布的评价中获得了广泛应用，而焊接热 源模型的选择及模型参数的确定直接影响到计算和评价结果的准确性． 本文通过对近年来常用的电弧焊接热源模型进行梳 理，介绍了其研究进展，分析了不同热源模型的特点及适用性． 高斯面热源模型和双椭球体热源模型作为基础热源模型，广泛 应用于较小尺寸工件和规则轨迹的焊接过程数值模拟，且具有较高的计算精度; 简化热源模型和温度替代型热源模型多用于 大厚工件的多层多道焊接及复杂轨迹焊接过程的数值模拟，能够实现效率和精度的统一; 多丝电弧焊接热源较为复杂，采用 修正后的双椭球体叠加热源模型，计算结果能保证一定的精度; 结合型热源模型对熔池形状的描述更灵活，在深熔电弧焊的 数值模拟中具有优势． 本文可为电弧焊接过程数值模拟的热源模型选择和模型参数确定提供有益参考． 关键词 电弧焊接; 数值模拟; 基础热源模型; 简化热源模型; 多丝电弧; 温度替代; 结合型热源模型 分类号 TG402 收稿日期: 2017--08--15 基金项目: 铁道部科技研究开发计划重大资助项目( 2008G001--C) ; 国家自然科学基金资助项目( 51075231) Ｒesearch and development of a heat-source model in numerical simulations for the arc welding process ZHU Zhi-ming ，FU Ping-po，YANG Zhong-yu，GUO Ji-chang Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology ( Ministry of Education of China) ，Department of Mechanical Engineering，Tsinghua Uni￾versity，Beijing 100084，China Corresponding author，E-mail: zzmdme@ mail． tsinghua． edu． cn ABSTＲACT As an effective computational method，the numerical simulation of welding processes has been widely used in evaluating welding temperature fields and residual stress distributions． In the numerical simulation process，the selection of the welding heat￾source model and the confirmation of model parameters will directly affect the accuracy of the calculation and the evaluation results． Some heat-source models commonly used in numerical simulations of the arc welding process were surveyed in this article; advances in their development were introduced，and their characteristics and applicability were analyzed． As basic heat-source models，the Gauss surface heat-source modes and double-ellipsoid-volume heat-source model have been widely used in the numerical simulation of arc welding for workpieces with a relatively small size and a regular welding trajectory，and the calculation results have been demonstrated to be accurate． In the numerical simulation of arc welding processes for large and thick workpieces welded using multi-layer or multi￾pass techniques and for workpieces with a complex welding trajectory，the simplified heat-source model and temperature-substitution heat-source model are chiefly applied，and the calculation efficiency and precision can be well balanced． The heat source of multi-wire arc welding is comparatively complicated，and the superposed model of modified double-ellipsoid-volume heat-source models can ensure a certain accuracy of the calculation results． The combined heat-source model is more flexible in the shape description of the molten pool and has advantages in the numerical simulation of arc welding with deep penetration． The all-around induction and analyses in this article are expected to provide valuable reference and guidance for the selection of a heat-source model and for confirming model param-