CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human body 16.(c)Distal means"farther from the center body mass, " as the knee is to the hip 17.(e) The diaphragm is a muscular partition that moves up and down with expiration and inspiration of air. All the abdominal organs lie beneath the diaphragm, and only the lungs and organs of the mediastinum lie above it 18.(b)Hormones are chemicals released into the blood by endocrine glands. They influence the metabolism of target tissues or organs that are usually relatively distant from the gland releasing the hormone 19.(a) The parietal peritoneum lines the inner side of the abdominal cavity wall and would always be cut first in any abdominal surgery. 20.(c)A transverse plane would give a cross-sectional view of the organs in the neck, showing clearly the spatial relationship between the various structures. 21.(d) Superficial means"near the outer surface of the body" deep means"internal with respect to the surface of the body:” 22.(b)The pleural cavity is formed by the serous membrane surrounding the lungs(the visceral pleura) The pleural cavity is inside the thoracic cavity, which is part of the anterior cavity. 23.(c) Because the diaphragm forms the dividing wall between the two cavities, and because the parietal membranes always line the inner cavity walls, the parietal pleura lines the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the parietal peritoneum lines the inferior surface of the diaphragm 24.(c) The systems output is entered into the system, where it inhibits further output. 25.(b)Only the lungs are contained in the pleural cavity, and the aorta carrying the blood must pass through the abdominal cavity before reaching the pelvic cavity True or False 4. False; the palms are facing forward, and the thumbs are lateral 5. False; a sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions; a midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left haves 6. True 7. False: serous membranes secrete a lubricating serous fluid around a lung 8. False; but sweating following exercise is a feedback phenomenon 9. False: mesenteries loosely attach the viscera in a pendent fashion to permit peristalsis 10. True ll. False: visceral organs are also contained within the thoracic cavity. 13. True 15. True Completion 3. tissue 7. Negative tegumentary 8. anatomical16. (c) Distal means “farther from the center body mass,” as the knee is to the hip. 17. (e) The diaphragm is a muscular partition that moves up and down with expiration and inspiration of air. All the abdominal organs lie beneath the diaphragm, and only the lungs and organs of the mediastinum lie above it. 18. (b) Hormones are chemicals released into the blood by endocrine glands. They influence the metabolism of target tissues or organs that are usually relatively distant from the gland releasing the hormone. 19. (a) The parietal peritoneum lines the inner side of the abdominal cavity wall and would always be cut first in any abdominal surgery. 20. (c) A transverse plane would give a cross-sectional view of the organs in the neck, showing clearly the spatial relationship between the various structures. 21. (d) Superficial means “near the outer surface of the body”; deep means “internal with respect to the surface of the body.” 22. (b) The pleural cavity is formed by the serous membrane surrounding the lungs (the visceral pleura). The pleural cavity is inside the thoracic cavity, which is part of the anterior cavity. 23. (c) Because the diaphragm forms the dividing wall between the two cavities, and because the parietal membranes always line the inner cavity walls, the parietal pleura lines the superior surface of the diaphragm, and the parietal peritoneum lines the inferior surface of the diaphragm. 24. (c) The system’s output is entered into the system, where it inhibits further output. 25. (b) Only the lungs are contained in the pleural cavity, and the aorta carrying the blood must pass through the abdominal cavity before reaching the pelvic cavity. True or False 1. True 2. True 3. True 4. False; the palms are facing forward, and the thumbs are lateral. 5. False; a sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions; a midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left haves. 6. True 7. False; serous membranes secrete a lubricating serous fluid around a lung. 8. False; but sweating following exercise is a feedback phenomenon. 9. False; mesenteries loosely attach the viscera in a pendent fashion to permit peristalsis. 10. True 11. False; visceral organs are also contained within the thoracic cavity. 12. True 13. True 14. True 15. True Completion 1. Chordata 5. endocrine 2. Homo sapiens 6. Homeostasis 3. tissue 7. Negative 4. integumentary 8. anatomical CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body 17