CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human body able Completion From the information provided, complete each row of the following table SYSTEM PRINCIPAL ORGANS FUNCTIONS Nose, pharynx, larynx Processes ingested foods for cellular use liminates undigested waste Kid ureters. urethra Supports, protects, and permits body movement;sites of hematopoiesis ( manufacture of blood cell Muscular system Brain, spinal cord, nerves Chemically controls and integrates many body activities Reproductive sys Answers and Explanations for Review Exercises Multiple Choice 1.(b) Cytology is the study of cells and their functions. Because the production of secretory products involves cellular metabolic functions, it is considered an aspect of cytology 2.(c) The integumentary system includes all of the outer surface structures of the body: the epidermis and the epidermal structures(hair, nails, and glands) 3.(a),(b) Both the endocrine system and the nervous system participate in controlling and coordinating the functions of the body. The effect of the nervous system is quicker, but the effect of the endocrine system 4.(d) The term cervical refers to anything pertaining to the neck or a necklike region of an organ 5.(c)In addition, the persons palms would be forward, with the arms and legs straight 6.(a) Because the palm is forward in the anatomical position, the thumb is on the lateral, or radial, side of 7.(b) Bone is a type of connective tissue(see chapter 4) 8.(d)The lining of the oral cavity(mouth) derives from ectoderm and is stratified squamous epithelium All serous membranes derive from mesoderm and are simple squamous epithelium(see chapter 4) 9.(b)All body structures are adapted to the specific function they perform, and when the structure is severely damaged or malformed, the function often cannot be performed 10.(a) All vertebrates(animals with vertebral columns) are chordates, but not all chordates develop vertebrae 11.(c) The heart, lungs, and trachea are contained in the thoracic cavity, superior to the abdominal cavity 12.(a)The spinal cavity is contained within the posterior cavity 13.(e)The term ante means"before or preceding; the term brachium means"arm. 14.(b) Retroperitoneal organs are located behind the serous lining of the abdominal cavity. The kidneys are within the abdominal cavity but behind the parietal peritoneum 15.(a) The brachium within the upper extremity corresponds in position to the thigh of the lower extremityAnswers and Explanations for Review Exercises Multiple Choice 1. (b) Cytology is the study of cells and their functions. Because the production of secretory products involves cellular metabolic functions, it is considered an aspect of cytology. 2. (c) The integumentary system includes all of the outer surface structures of the body: the epidermis and the epidermal structures (hair, nails, and glands). 3. (a), (b) Both the endocrine system and the nervous system participate in controlling and coordinating the functions of the body. The effect of the nervous system is quicker, but the effect of the endocrine system is longer lasting. 4. (d) The term cervical refers to anything pertaining to the neck or a necklike region of an organ. 5. (c) In addition, the person’s palms would be forward, with the arms and legs straight. 6. (a) Because the palm is forward in the anatomical position, the thumb is on the lateral, or radial, side of the upper extremity. 7. (b) Bone is a type of connective tissue (see chapter 4). 8. (d) The lining of the oral cavity (mouth) derives from ectoderm and is stratified squamous epithelium. All serous membranes derive from mesoderm and are simple squamous epithelium (see chapter 4). 9. (b) All body structures are adapted to the specific function they perform, and when the structure is severely damaged or malformed, the function often cannot be performed. 10. (a) All vertebrates (animals with vertebral columns) are chordates, but not all chordates develop vertebrae. 11. (c) The heart, lungs, and trachea are contained in the thoracic cavity, superior to the abdominal cavity. 12. (a) The spinal cavity is contained within the posterior cavity. 13. (e) The term ante means “before or preceding”; the term brachium means “arm.” 14. (b) Retroperitoneal organs are located behind the serous lining of the abdominal cavity. The kidneys are within the abdominal cavity but behind the parietal peritoneum. 15. (a) The brachium within the upper extremity corresponds in position to the thigh of the lower extremity. 16 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Human Body Table Completion From the information provided, complete each row of the following table. SYSTEM PRINCIPAL ORGANS FUNCTIONS Circulatory system Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs Processes ingested foods for cellular use; eliminates undigested wastes Kidney, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra Supports, protects, and permits body movement; sites of hematopoiesis (manufacture of blood cells) Muscular system Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs Chemically controls and integrates many body activities Reproductive system