工程科学学报.第44卷，第2期：289-304.2022年2月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.44,No.2:289-304,February 2022 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.08.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 重毒性铅污染土壤清洁高效修复研究进展 肖龙恒2)，唐续龙》，卢光华，张颖，郭敏12)，张梅2四 1)北京科技大学治金与生态工程学院，北京1000832)北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室，北京1000833)中国恩菲工程技 术有限公司.北京1000384)中治建筑研究总院有限公司.北京100088 ☒通信作者，E-mail:zhangmei@ustb.edu.cn 摘要在介绍了铅元素污染背景、现状与危害的基础上，对土壤中铅的来源、赋存形式及其提取方法进行了详细介绍.结 合土壤修复技术研究现状，对三大修复方法如物理、化学及生物修复法进行了系统综述，并从效率、适用性、经济性等方面评 估了3种修复方法的优势与劣势，发现化学修复最适合重毒性铅污染治理.随之对化学淋洗法和固定化稳定法作了详细介 绍，探讨并评价了不同种类淋洗剂和固化剂的修复机制、修复效果、适用性和应用前景等.最后对未来重毒性铅污染土壤清 洁高效修复提出了展望，修复方法应尽量减少对土壤的破坏；对高铅污染土壤来说联合修复技术的发展是土壤修复富有潜力 的发展方向：应当尽可能地确定铅污染土壤修复机制，实现定向修复：同时应加强多功能复合材料的研发 关键词铅污染土壤；修复方法；化学淋洗法；固定化稳定法；高浓度铅 分类号X-1;X53 Research progress in cleaning and efficient remediation of heavy,toxic,lead- contaminated soil XIAO Long-heng2).TANG Xu-long.LU Guang-hua.ZHANG Ying,GUO Min 2,ZHANG Mei2 1)School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering.University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China 2)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 3)The China ENFI Engineering Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100038,China 4)Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co.,Ltd,MCC Group,Beijing 100088,China Corresponding author,E-mail:zhangmei@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT With the rapid development of industrialization and human civilization,the soil polluted by heavy,toxic lead is becoming increasingly severe worldwide.Thus,it is imperative to control soil pollution due to lead.In this paper,the background,status,and harm of lead-polluted soil were introduced,and the source,mode of occurrence,and extraction of lead from the soil were depicted in detail. Based on the current soil remediation technology,three major methods,namely,physical,chemical,and bioremediation,have been systematically reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages from the aspects of efficiency,applicability,and economy were evaluated and compared.Results reveal that the most preferred remediation method for heavy,toxic,lead-contaminated soil is chemical remediation.The chemical leaching and immobilization/stabilization methods were subsequently introduced in detail,and the remediation mechanism,effect,applicability,and application prospect of the different types of eluants and curing agents were evaluated and discussed.Finally,the prospect of cleaning and efficient remediation of heavy,toxic,lead-contaminated soil was presented.The restoration should minimize the damage to the soil.For the heavy,lead-contaminated soil,the development of the joint remediation technology is the potential development direction.The mechanism of soil remediation and directional remediation should be determined as soon as possible.Meanwhile,the research and development of multifunctional composite materials should be strengthened. 收稿日期：2021-04-08重毒性铅污染土壤清洁高效修复研究进展 肖龙恒1,2)，唐续龙3)，卢光华4)，张    颖1)，郭    敏1,2)，张    梅1,2) 苣 1) 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083    2) 北京科技大学钢铁冶金新技术国家重点实验室，北京 100083    3) 中国恩菲工程技 术有限公司，北京 100038    4) 中冶建筑研究总院有限公司，北京 100088 苣通信作者， E-mail: zhangmei@ustb.edu.cn 摘    要    在介绍了铅元素污染背景、现状与危害的基础上，对土壤中铅的来源、赋存形式及其提取方法进行了详细介绍. 结 合土壤修复技术研究现状，对三大修复方法如物理、化学及生物修复法进行了系统综述，并从效率、适用性、经济性等方面评 估了 3 种修复方法的优势与劣势，发现化学修复最适合重毒性铅污染治理. 随之对化学淋洗法和固定化/稳定法作了详细介 绍，探讨并评价了不同种类淋洗剂和固化剂的修复机制、修复效果、适用性和应用前景等. 最后对未来重毒性铅污染土壤清 洁高效修复提出了展望，修复方法应尽量减少对土壤的破坏；对高铅污染土壤来说联合修复技术的发展是土壤修复富有潜力 的发展方向；应当尽可能地确定铅污染土壤修复机制，实现定向修复；同时应加强多功能复合材料的研发. 关键词    铅污染土壤；修复方法；化学淋洗法；固定化/稳定法；高浓度铅 分类号    X-1; X53 Research  progress  in  cleaning  and  efficient  remediation  of  heavy,  toxic,  lead￾contaminated soil XIAO Long-heng1,2) ，TANG Xu-long3) ，LU Guang-hua4) ，ZHANG Ying1) ，GUO Min1,2) ，ZHANG Mei1,2) 苣 1) School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 3) The China ENFI Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing 100038, China 4) Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co., Ltd, MCC Group, Beijing 100088, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail: zhangmei@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT    With the rapid development of industrialization and human civilization, the soil polluted by heavy, toxic lead is becoming increasingly severe worldwide. Thus, it is imperative to control soil pollution due to lead. In this paper, the background, status, and harm of lead-polluted soil were introduced, and the source, mode of occurrence, and extraction of lead from the soil were depicted in detail. Based  on  the  current  soil  remediation  technology,  three  major  methods,  namely,  physical,  chemical,  and  bioremediation,  have  been systematically  reviewed,  and  their  advantages  and  disadvantages  from  the  aspects  of  efficiency,  applicability,  and  economy  were evaluated and compared. Results reveal that the most preferred remediation method for heavy, toxic, lead-contaminated soil is chemical remediation.  The  chemical  leaching  and  immobilization/stabilization  methods  were  subsequently  introduced  in  detail,  and  the remediation mechanism, effect, applicability, and application prospect of the different types of eluants and curing agents were evaluated and discussed. Finally, the prospect of cleaning and efficient remediation of heavy, toxic, lead-contaminated soil was presented. The restoration  should  minimize  the  damage  to  the  soil.  For  the  heavy,  lead-contaminated  soil,  the  development  of  the  joint  remediation technology is the potential development direction. The mechanism of soil remediation and directional remediation should be determined as soon as possible. Meanwhile, the research and development of multifunctional composite materials should be strengthened. 收稿日期: 2021−04−08 工程科学学报，第 44 卷，第 2 期：289−304，2022 年 2 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 44, No. 2: 289−304, February 2022 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.04.08.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn