acoustic impedance, aud itory brainstem response audiometry, vestibular function test, and Eustachian tube inflation. Knowing the imaging studies of the ear, pneumatic otoscopy, and myringoscopy 3. Injuries of the ear: Recognizing the clinical manifestations and management of injury of tympanic membrane. Knowing the clinical manifestations and treatment of fracture of temporal bone 4. Disorders of the external ear: Knowing the d iagnosis and management of ot externa and furuncle of the external acoustic meatus. Knowing the clinical manifestations and management of foreign bodies in external acoustic meatus and impacted cerumen 5. Disorders of the middle ear: Mastering the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of non-suppurative otitis med ia. Mastering the etiolog pathology, clinical manifestations and treatment of acute suppurative otitis media Mastering the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media(simple type and cholesteatoma)and difference between the two types. Knowing the pathogenesis of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma 6. Complications of otitis med ia: Knowing the clinical manifestations and management algorithm of acute mastoiditis, postauriclar subperiosteal abscess, labyrinthitis, sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis, otitic meningitis and otogenic brain 7. Recognizeing the etiology, clinical manifestations, differential d iagnosis and treatment algorithm of Meniere disease, facial paralysis and otosclerosis 8. Recognizing the etiology, diagnosis and management of conductive, sensorineural and mixed deafness. Recognizing the etiology, clinical feature, prevention and treatment of noised induced hearing loss. Knowing the principle of compensation and rehabilitation of hearingacoustic impedance, auditory brainstem response audiometry, vestibular function test, and Eustachian tube inflation. Knowing the imaging studies of the ear, pneumatic otoscopy, and myringoscopy. 3. Injuries of the ear: Recognizing the clinical manifestations and management of injury of tympanic membrane. Knowing the clinical manifestations and treatment of fracture of temporal bone. 4. Disorders of the external ear: Knowing the diagnosis and management of otitis externa and furuncle of the external acoustic meatus. Knowing the clinical manifestations and management of foreign bodies in external acoustic meatus and impacted cerumen. 5. Disorders of the middle ear: Mastering the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of non-suppurative otitis media. Mastering the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and treatment of acute suppurative otitis media. Mastering the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestations and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (simple type and cholesteatoma) and difference between the two types. Knowing the pathogenesis of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma. 6. Complications of otitis media: Knowing the clinical manifestations and management algorithm of acute mastoiditis, postauriclar subperiosteal abscess, labyrinthitis, sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis, otitic meningitis and otogenic brain abscess. 7. Recognizeing the etiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and treatment algorithm of Ménière disease, facial paralysis and otosclerosis. 8. Recognizing the etiology, diagnosis and management of conductive, sensorineural and mixed deafness. Recognizing the etiology, clinical feature, prevention and treatment of noised induced hearing loss. Knowing the principle of compensation and rehabilitation of hearing