D0L:10.13374/.issn1001-053x.2011.06.004 第33卷第6期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.33 No.6 2011年6月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Jun.2011 岩石低温单轴压缩力学特性 李云鹏2)四王芝银，2) 1)中国石油大学机械与储运工程学院，北京1022492)中国石油大学城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室，北京102249 ✉通信作者，E-mail:iyp996@163.com 摘要以非线性热弹性理论为基础，建立了考虑岩石冰胀效应的变物性本构方程，给出了干燥低温和饱和冻结状态下单轴 压缩强度和力学特性参数随温度的变化关系。借助花岗岩在两种状态下的压缩试验结果，探讨了低温花岗岩的单轴压缩力学 特性.饱和冻结状态下的抗压强度大于干燥低温状态的抗压强度，其相差量随着温度降低有增加趋势：在同种状态下抗压强 度随温度降低呈增长趋势，增长率逐渐减小.低温附加强度主要由岩石基质热力效应所贡献，而由岩石孔隙冰胀效应引起的 附加强度相对较小.花岗岩在干燥低温和饱和冻结状态下，变形模量均随温度的降低呈增大趋势，而泊松比变化相对较小. 关键词岩石：低温试验：压缩试验：力学性能：花岗岩 分类号TU45 Uniaxial compressive mechanical properties of rock at low temperature LI Yun-peng2☒，WANG Zhi-与in2 1)College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2)Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China Corresponding author,E-mail:liyp996@163.com ABSTRACT Based on the nonlinear thermo-elastic theory,a constitutive equation with variable properties was established in consid- eration of the expansion force of pore ice,and the relationships of the uniaxial compressive strength and the mechanical parameters with temperature were proposed in the drying and low-temperature condition and the saturated freezing condition.Mechanical properties of granite under uniaxial compression were discussed according to compression experimental results of granite in both the conditions.It is shown that the compressive strength under the saturated freezing condition is greater than that under the condition of drying and low tem- perature,and their difference increases with decreasing temperature.The compressive strength in the same state increases with decrea- sing temperature,and the growth rate gradually decreases.The additional strength is mainly caused by thermal effects of the rock ma- trix,and the expansion force of pore ice has relatively little effect.The elastic modulus of granite increases with decreasing temperature in both the conditions,but the change of Poisson's ratio is little. KEY WORDS rock;low temperature testing:compression testing:mechanical properties:granite 岩石受环境温度影响的热力效应长期以来是岩 岩体长期处于低温环境或冻结状态，尤其是长期处 石热力学理论与应用研究的热点问题之一.近年来 于变低温状态的围岩，其强度及稳定性与常温或常 随着高寒区域岩土工程及各种能源的地下低温储备 低温状态有很大的不同.鉴于如此，国内外岩土工 设施建设的高速发展，地下岩土结构围岩热力效应 程及其相关领域的专家学者就岩体（石）低温热学 的研究更为重要和有意义.如油气管道在高寒区的 效应方面已开展了大量的研究.如Park和Aoki 地下敷设，液化天然气(liquefied natural gas,LNG) 等-在不同低温条件下（最低-160℃），对岩石的 地下储库工程，以及高寒地区隧道工程建设，使得工 热力系数与温度的关系和热力学参数等进行了试验 程结构围岩可能受到周期性低温效应作用，或工程 研究：徐光苗等分别对红砂岩和页岩进行了不同 收稿日期：2010-07-26 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.50774090)第 33 卷 第 6 期 2011 年 6 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 33 No． 6 Jun． 2011 岩石低温单轴压缩力学特性 李云鹏1，2) 王芝银1，2) 1) 中国石油大学机械与储运工程学院，北京 102249 2) 中国石油大学城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249 通信作者，E-mail: liyp996@ 163． com 摘 要 以非线性热弹性理论为基础，建立了考虑岩石冰胀效应的变物性本构方程，给出了干燥低温和饱和冻结状态下单轴 压缩强度和力学特性参数随温度的变化关系． 借助花岗岩在两种状态下的压缩试验结果，探讨了低温花岗岩的单轴压缩力学 特性． 饱和冻结状态下的抗压强度大于干燥低温状态的抗压强度，其相差量随着温度降低有增加趋势; 在同种状态下抗压强 度随温度降低呈增长趋势，增长率逐渐减小． 低温附加强度主要由岩石基质热力效应所贡献，而由岩石孔隙冰胀效应引起的 附加强度相对较小． 花岗岩在干燥低温和饱和冻结状态下，变形模量均随温度的降低呈增大趋势，而泊松比变化相对较小． 关键词 岩石; 低温试验; 压缩试验; 力学性能; 花岗岩 分类号 TU45 Uniaxial compressive mechanical properties of rock at low temperature LI Yun-peng1，2) ，WANG Zhi-yin1，2) 1) College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering，China University of Petroleum，Beijing 102249，China 2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology，China University of Petroleum，Beijing 102249，China Corresponding author，E-mail: liyp996@ 163． com ABSTRACT Based on the nonlinear thermo-elastic theory，a constitutive equation with variable properties was established in consid￾eration of the expansion force of pore ice，and the relationships of the uniaxial compressive strength and the mechanical parameters with temperature were proposed in the drying and low-temperature condition and the saturated freezing condition． Mechanical properties of granite under uniaxial compression were discussed according to compression experimental results of granite in both the conditions． It is shown that the compressive strength under the saturated freezing condition is greater than that under the condition of drying and low tem￾perature，and their difference increases with decreasing temperature． The compressive strength in the same state increases with decrea￾sing temperature，and the growth rate gradually decreases． The additional strength is mainly caused by thermal effects of the rock ma￾trix，and the expansion force of pore ice has relatively little effect． The elastic modulus of granite increases with decreasing temperature in both the conditions，but the change of Poisson's ratio is little． KEY WORDS rock; low temperature testing; compression testing; mechanical properties; granite 收稿日期: 2010--07--26 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目( No． 50774090) 岩石受环境温度影响的热力效应长期以来是岩 石热力学理论与应用研究的热点问题之一． 近年来 随着高寒区域岩土工程及各种能源的地下低温储备 设施建设的高速发展，地下岩土结构围岩热力效应 的研究更为重要和有意义． 如油气管道在高寒区的 地下敷设，液化天然气( liquefied natural gas，LNG) 地下储库工程，以及高寒地区隧道工程建设，使得工 程结构围岩可能受到周期性低温效应作用，或工程 岩体长期处于低温环境或冻结状态，尤其是长期处 于变低温状态的围岩，其强度及稳定性与常温或常 低温状态有很大的不同． 鉴于如此，国内外岩土工 程及其相关领域的专家学者就岩体( 石) 低温热学 效应方面已开展了大量的研究． 如 Park 和 Aoki 等［1--2］在不同低温条件下( 最低 － 160 ℃ ) ，对岩石的 热力系数与温度的关系和热力学参数等进行了试验 研究; 徐光苗等［3］分别对红砂岩和页岩进行了不同 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2011.06.004