Trypetidae ,头部无下侧额最：触角芒一般羽状：翅无斑纹：SC脉不陡然弯曲成直角，终止处距R]较接近：臀横脉不弯折：臀室不呈狭长锐角： 产卵器正常，不扁平，也不坚硬. .果蝇科 Drosophilidae 19下侧片裸，最多仅具短细的毛：短侧片裸或仅具毛.20 下侧片有弧形排列的：翅侧片具鬃或毛 3 20触角芒裸或具毛：C2+A1伸达翅后缘：M1+2脉直伸至翅缘，与R45脉平行或远高：中胸背板被居间沟分为前后2块 花蝇科 Anthomyiidae 触角芒羽状：C2+A1不伸达翅缘：M+2脉末端向上弯靠R+5脉：中胸背板无盾间沟. .蝇科 Muscidae 21触角芒光裸，或仅具微毛：体粗壮，多毛鬃：后盾片发达，凸出：腹部腹板被同节背板盖住：腹部尤其腹末多刚毛：幼虫主要奇生 于昆虫体内 .寄 触角芒羽状、半羽状：腹部至少第2节腹板外露， 不被同节背板侧缘盖住：幼虫有尸食、腐食、粪食和寄生·2 2触角芒全部羽毛状或栉状：背侧片上有背侧2根：M,脉急剧前弯，在转弯处无短脉伸出 丽蝇科 Calliphoridae ·触角芒基半部羽毛状，端半部光滑：背侧片上有背侧鬃4根：M,脉急刷前弯，在转弯处有1短肱伸出麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 三、常见科的主要特征和代表种类 (一)长角亚目Nematocera 1.大蚊Tipulidae 触角长丝状，有时锯齿状或栉状：中离背板有1个V形的后间缝：翅上常有斑纹，有9~12条纵伸达翅缘，A账2条：成虫不取 食。幼虫表皮粗榄， 入或突出，腹末常有6个肉质突起.常见种类：离斑指突短柄大Nephrotoma scalari parvinotata (Brunetti). A蚊 2.蚊科Culicidae(图66A) 成蚊的体和翅脉上被有鳞片：翅狭长，后缘有毛：雄虫触角环毛状。幼虫叫子孓，头大，胸部3节愈合，第8腹节背面有呼吸管， 第9腹节有4个向后突出的肛鳃及1从扇状毛刷。本科有许多重要卫生害虫。重要种类：中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann。 图67双翅目的触角Trypetidae - 头部无下侧额鬃；触角芒一般羽状；翅无斑纹；Sc脉不陡然弯曲成直角，终止处距R1较接近；臀横脉不弯折；臀室不呈狭长锐角； 产卵器正常，不扁平，也不坚硬·········································································································· 果蝇科 Drosophilidae 19 下侧片裸，最多仅具短细的毛；翅侧片裸或仅具毛······························································································ 20 - 下侧片有弧形排列的鬃；翅侧片具鬃或毛··············································································································· 21 20 触角芒裸或具毛；Cu2+A1伸达翅后缘；M1+2脉直伸至翅缘，与R4+5脉平行或远离；中胸背板被盾间沟分为前后2块 花蝇科 Anthomyiidae - 触角芒羽状；Cu2+A1不伸达翅缘；M1+2脉末端向上弯靠R4+5脉；中胸背板无盾间沟········································ ········································································································································································ 蝇科 Muscidae 21 触角芒光裸，或仅具微毛；体粗壮，多毛鬃；后盾片发达，凸出；腹部腹板被同节背板盖住；腹部尤其腹末多刚毛；幼虫主要寄生 于昆虫体内······················································································································································· 寄 蝇科Tachinidae - 触角芒羽状、半羽状；腹部至少第2节腹板外露，不被同节背板侧缘盖住；幼虫有尸食、腐食、粪食和寄生·· 22 22 触角芒全部羽毛状或栉状；背侧片上有背侧鬃2根；M1脉急剧前弯，在转弯处无短脉伸出···························· ······························································································································································ 丽蝇科 Calliphoridae - 触角芒基半部羽毛状，端半部光滑；背侧片上有背侧鬃4根；M1脉急剧前弯，在转弯处有1短脉伸出 麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 三、常见科的主要特征和代表种类 （一）长角亚目Nematocera 1．大蚊科Tipulidae 触角长丝状，有时锯齿状或栉状；中胸背板有1个“V”形的盾间缝；翅上常有斑纹，有9～12条纵脉伸达翅缘，A脉2条；成虫不取 食。幼虫表皮粗糙，头缩入或突出，腹末通常有6个肉质突起。常见种类：离斑指突短柄大蚊Nephrotoma scalaris parvinotata (Brunetti)。 图66 双翅目的前翅 A.蚊科；B.摇蚊科；C.瘿蚊科 2．蚊科Culicidae（图66A） 成蚊的体和翅脉上被有鳞片；翅狭长，后缘有毛；雄虫触角环毛状。幼虫叫孑孓，头大，胸部3节愈合，第8腹节背面有呼吸管， 第9腹节有4个向后突出的肛鳃及1丛扇状毛刷。本科有许多重要卫生害虫。重要种类：中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann。 图67 双翅目的触角