目的 人又翅目的常见科和举握重要科的特征。 材料 大蚊，蚊。超蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，头蝇（示范），食蚜蝇，实蝇，果蝇，潜蝇，开蝇花蝇，丽蝇。家蝎，潜蝇，麻蝇， 寄蝇，双翅目幼虫和蜡的类型，以及本次实验各科的示范标本 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括触角节数和形状，复眼的着生位置和大小单眼的有无，口器的类型，额囊缝和新月片，体上鬃毛，翅的质地、翅脉、翅 室和翅瓣等。 二、分科检素表 双翅日分科检发表 1触角6节以上：下预须4一5节：幼虫多为全头型 ,触角5节以下下须1~2节或无 2触角第3节呈环状痕迹或具端刺：幼虫半头型，被蛹，羽化时直裂 。触角第3节背面常具芒：幼虫无头型：围蛹，羽化时环裂。 .13 3中胸背板有明显的“V”形缝 大蚊科Tipulida 中胸背板无V”形缝 經蚊科Cecidomyiidae 下足基节长而大：Rs脉不分支分之食商，偶为本作物」 足其节长面大 6单眼3个，触角常比头短 毛蚊科 ,无单眼：触角比头长 7翅面被有鳞片：伸达短缘的纵脉有9条以上：后足常明显长于前足和中足：裤蚊口器很发达. ,蚊科Culicida ,翅面无鳞片：伸达翅缘的纵脉少于8条：前足常明显长于中足后足：雄蚊口器很退化 摇蚊科 .9 爪间突刚毛状或完全缺如 .10 9下皲能大面明品。及欧伸达短的外终，远在顶角之后. ,虹科Tabanida 。下腋着小或无：R脉伸达翅的前缘，不超过项角 10头顶明最凹陷：有口 头顶不凹陷：无口鬃 11单围3个，体知壮名手 。单眼1个，体较滑，仅足上有影 ,拟食虫址科vdida 12似虻：R脉伸达短的顶角或顶角之前 。似蜂：R脉伸达翅的顶角之后 I3无额囊缝：Cu脉左接于1A脉近端部处 1 ,有额囊缝：Cu脉连接于A脉近基部或1/2处， 15 14头大球形，几平为复跟所占：前翅第后室开 R脉与M脉间无伪 、下被发达：触角2节方外建外全 建不纵贯全长 .19 16头部两侧各伸出1个侧突，两复眼位于其末端：触角近复跟基部， 。头部正常，两侧不外突：C脉不完整 17 17C脉只在Sc脉的末端附近断裂：雄腹部第7节长且骨化，不能伸缩， ·潜蝇科Agromy2idac ·C脉除在Sc脉的末瑞附近新裂外，尚在肩横脉处断裂. .18 18头部有下侧额鬃：触角芒光裸或有细毛：翅多有斑纹：S脉与R,脉分离，远在R,脉末瑞前陵然弯折近直角：臀横脉弯折：臀室呈一 狭长锐角：产卵器坚硬. .实绳科 目 的 认识双翅目的常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 大蚊，蚊，摇蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，头蝇（示范），食蚜蝇，实蝇，果蝇，潜蝇，秆蝇，花蝇，丽蝇，家蝇，潜蝇，麻蝇， 寄蝇，双翅目幼虫和蛹的类型，以及本次实验各科的示范标本。 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括触角节数和形状，复眼的着生位置和大小单眼的有无，口器的类型，额囊缝和新月片，体上鬃毛，翅的质地、翅脉、翅 室和翅瓣等。 二、分科检索表 双翅目分科检索表 1 触角6节以上；下颚须4～5节；幼虫多为全头型·································································································· 3 - 触角5节以下；下颚须1～2节或无··························································································································· 2 2 触角第3节呈环状痕迹或具端刺；幼虫半头型；被蛹，羽化时直裂···································································· 8 - 触角第3节背面常具芒；幼虫无头型；围蛹，羽化时环裂··················································································· 13 3 中胸背板有明显的“V”形缝················································································································ 大蚊科Tipulidae - 中胸背板无“V”形缝 ······················································································································································· 4 4 前翅一般只有2～3条纵脉，无横脉；触角念珠状································································ 瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae - 前翅有5条以上的纵脉，有横脉；触角多非念珠状································································································· 5 5 足基节长而大；Rs脉不分支或2分支；食菌，偶为害作物·············································· 菌蚊科Mycetophilidae - 足基节细短或粗短；Rs脉2～3分支·························································································································· 6 6 单眼3个；触角常比头短················································································································ 毛蚊科Bibionidae - 无单眼；触角比头长 ····················································································································································· 7 7 翅面被有鳞片；伸达翅缘的纵脉有9条以上；后足常明显长于前足和中足；雌蚊口器很发达····························· 蚊科Culicidae - 翅面无鳞片；伸达翅缘的纵脉少于8条；前足常明显长于中足后足；雌蚊口器很退化······································· ······················································································································································· 摇蚊科 Chironomidae 8 爪间突垫状 ···································································································································································· 9 - 爪间突刚毛状或完全缺如 ··········································································································································· 10 9 下腋瓣大而明显；R5脉伸达翅的外缘，远在顶角之后····································································· 虻科Tabanidae - 下腋瓣小或无；R5脉伸达翅的前缘，不超过顶角·································································· 水虻科Stratiomyiidae 10 头顶明显凹陷；有口鬃 ·············································································································································· 11 - 头顶不凹陷；无口鬃 ··················································································································································· 12 11 单眼3个；体粗壮多毛鬃················································································································ 食虫虻科Asilidae - 单眼1个；体较滑，仅足上有鬃······························································································· 拟食虫虻科Mydidae 12 似虻；R5脉伸达翅的顶角或顶角之前························································································ 窗虻科Scenopinidae - 似蜂；R5脉伸达翅的顶角之后····································································································· 蜂虻科Bombyliidae 13 无额囊缝；Cu脉连接于1A脉近端部处·················································································································· 14 - 有额囊缝；Cu脉连接于lA脉近基部或1/2处········································································································ 15 14 头大球形，几乎为复眼所占；前翅第1后室开放，R脉与M脉间无伪脉··························· 头蝇科Pipunculidae - 头正常；前翅第1后室闭合，R脉与M脉间有1条伪脉························································ 食蚜蝇科Syrphidae 15 下腋瓣不发达或退化；触角第2节背方外侧纵缝不纵贯全长·············································································· 16 - 下腋瓣发达；触角第2节背方外侧纵缝纵贯全长··································································································· 19 16 头部两侧各伸出1个侧突，两复眼位于其末端；触角近复眼基部········································· 突眼蝇科Diopsidae - 头部正常，两侧不外突；C脉不完整······················································································································· 17 17 C脉只在Sc脉的末端附近断裂；雌腹部第7节长且骨化，不能伸缩··································· 潜蝇科Agromyzidae - C脉除在Sc脉的末端附近断裂外，尚在肩横脉处断裂·························································································· 18 18 头部有下侧额鬃；触角芒光裸或有细毛；翅多有斑纹；Sc脉与R1脉分离，远在R1脉末端前陡然弯折近直角；臀横脉弯折；臀室呈一 狭长锐角；产卵器坚硬······························································································································ 实蝇科