目的 人又翅目的常见科和举握重要科的特征。 材料 大蚊，蚊。超蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，头蝇（示范），食蚜蝇，实蝇，果蝇，潜蝇，开蝇花蝇，丽蝇。家蝎，潜蝇，麻蝇， 寄蝇，双翅目幼虫和蜡的类型，以及本次实验各科的示范标本 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括触角节数和形状，复眼的着生位置和大小单眼的有无，口器的类型，额囊缝和新月片，体上鬃毛，翅的质地、翅脉、翅 室和翅瓣等。 二、分科检素表 双翅日分科检发表 1触角6节以上：下预须4一5节：幼虫多为全头型 ,触角5节以下下须1~2节或无 2触角第3节呈环状痕迹或具端刺：幼虫半头型，被蛹，羽化时直裂 。触角第3节背面常具芒：幼虫无头型：围蛹，羽化时环裂。 .13 3中胸背板有明显的“V”形缝 大蚊科Tipulida 中胸背板无V”形缝 經蚊科Cecidomyiidae 下足基节长而大：Rs脉不分支分之食商，偶为本作物」 足其节长面大 6单眼3个，触角常比头短 毛蚊科 ,无单眼：触角比头长 7翅面被有鳞片：伸达短缘的纵脉有9条以上：后足常明显长于前足和中足：裤蚊口器很发达. ,蚊科Culicida ,翅面无鳞片：伸达翅缘的纵脉少于8条：前足常明显长于中足后足：雄蚊口器很退化 摇蚊科 .9 爪间突刚毛状或完全缺如 .10 9下皲能大面明品。及欧伸达短的外终，远在顶角之后. ,虹科Tabanida 。下腋着小或无：R脉伸达翅的前缘，不超过项角 10头顶明最凹陷：有口 头顶不凹陷：无口鬃 11单围3个，体知壮名手 。单眼1个，体较滑，仅足上有影 ,拟食虫址科vdida 12似虻：R脉伸达短的顶角或顶角之前 。似蜂：R脉伸达翅的顶角之后 I3无额囊缝：Cu脉左接于1A脉近端部处 1 ,有额囊缝：Cu脉连接于A脉近基部或1/2处， 15 14头大球形，几平为复跟所占：前翅第后室开 R脉与M脉间无伪 、下被发达：触角2节方外建外全 建不纵贯全长 .19 16头部两侧各伸出1个侧突，两复眼位于其末端：触角近复跟基部， 。头部正常，两侧不外突：C脉不完整 17 17C脉只在Sc脉的末端附近断裂：雄腹部第7节长且骨化，不能伸缩， ·潜蝇科Agromy2idac ·C脉除在Sc脉的末瑞附近新裂外，尚在肩横脉处断裂. .18 18头部有下侧额鬃：触角芒光裸或有细毛：翅多有斑纹：S脉与R,脉分离，远在R,脉末瑞前陵然弯折近直角：臀横脉弯折：臀室呈一 狭长锐角：产卵器坚硬. .实绳科
目 的 认识双翅目的常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 大蚊，蚊，摇蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，头蝇（示范），食蚜蝇，实蝇，果蝇，潜蝇，秆蝇，花蝇，丽蝇，家蝇，潜蝇，麻蝇， 寄蝇，双翅目幼虫和蛹的类型，以及本次实验各科的示范标本。 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括触角节数和形状，复眼的着生位置和大小单眼的有无，口器的类型，额囊缝和新月片，体上鬃毛，翅的质地、翅脉、翅 室和翅瓣等。 二、分科检索表 双翅目分科检索表 1 触角6节以上；下颚须4～5节；幼虫多为全头型·································································································· 3 - 触角5节以下；下颚须1～2节或无··························································································································· 2 2 触角第3节呈环状痕迹或具端刺；幼虫半头型；被蛹，羽化时直裂···································································· 8 - 触角第3节背面常具芒；幼虫无头型；围蛹，羽化时环裂··················································································· 13 3 中胸背板有明显的“V”形缝················································································································ 大蚊科Tipulidae - 中胸背板无“V”形缝 ······················································································································································· 4 4 前翅一般只有2～3条纵脉，无横脉；触角念珠状································································ 瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae - 前翅有5条以上的纵脉，有横脉；触角多非念珠状································································································· 5 5 足基节长而大；Rs脉不分支或2分支；食菌，偶为害作物·············································· 菌蚊科Mycetophilidae - 足基节细短或粗短；Rs脉2～3分支·························································································································· 6 6 单眼3个；触角常比头短················································································································ 毛蚊科Bibionidae - 无单眼；触角比头长 ····················································································································································· 7 7 翅面被有鳞片；伸达翅缘的纵脉有9条以上；后足常明显长于前足和中足；雌蚊口器很发达····························· 蚊科Culicidae - 翅面无鳞片；伸达翅缘的纵脉少于8条；前足常明显长于中足后足；雌蚊口器很退化······································· ······················································································································································· 摇蚊科 Chironomidae 8 爪间突垫状 ···································································································································································· 9 - 爪间突刚毛状或完全缺如 ··········································································································································· 10 9 下腋瓣大而明显；R5脉伸达翅的外缘，远在顶角之后····································································· 虻科Tabanidae - 下腋瓣小或无；R5脉伸达翅的前缘，不超过顶角·································································· 水虻科Stratiomyiidae 10 头顶明显凹陷；有口鬃 ·············································································································································· 11 - 头顶不凹陷；无口鬃 ··················································································································································· 12 11 单眼3个；体粗壮多毛鬃················································································································ 食虫虻科Asilidae - 单眼1个；体较滑，仅足上有鬃······························································································· 拟食虫虻科Mydidae 12 似虻；R5脉伸达翅的顶角或顶角之前························································································ 窗虻科Scenopinidae - 似蜂；R5脉伸达翅的顶角之后····································································································· 蜂虻科Bombyliidae 13 无额囊缝；Cu脉连接于1A脉近端部处·················································································································· 14 - 有额囊缝；Cu脉连接于lA脉近基部或1/2处········································································································ 15 14 头大球形，几乎为复眼所占；前翅第1后室开放，R脉与M脉间无伪脉··························· 头蝇科Pipunculidae - 头正常；前翅第1后室闭合，R脉与M脉间有1条伪脉························································ 食蚜蝇科Syrphidae 15 下腋瓣不发达或退化；触角第2节背方外侧纵缝不纵贯全长·············································································· 16 - 下腋瓣发达；触角第2节背方外侧纵缝纵贯全长··································································································· 19 16 头部两侧各伸出1个侧突，两复眼位于其末端；触角近复眼基部········································· 突眼蝇科Diopsidae - 头部正常，两侧不外突；C脉不完整······················································································································· 17 17 C脉只在Sc脉的末端附近断裂；雌腹部第7节长且骨化，不能伸缩··································· 潜蝇科Agromyzidae - C脉除在Sc脉的末端附近断裂外，尚在肩横脉处断裂·························································································· 18 18 头部有下侧额鬃；触角芒光裸或有细毛；翅多有斑纹；Sc脉与R1脉分离，远在R1脉末端前陡然弯折近直角；臀横脉弯折；臀室呈一 狭长锐角；产卵器坚硬······························································································································ 实蝇科
Trypetidae ,头部无下侧额最：触角芒一般羽状：翅无斑纹：SC脉不陡然弯曲成直角，终止处距R]较接近：臀横脉不弯折：臀室不呈狭长锐角： 产卵器正常，不扁平，也不坚硬. .果蝇科 Drosophilidae 19下侧片裸，最多仅具短细的毛：短侧片裸或仅具毛.20 下侧片有弧形排列的：翅侧片具鬃或毛 3 20触角芒裸或具毛：C2+A1伸达翅后缘：M1+2脉直伸至翅缘，与R45脉平行或远高：中胸背板被居间沟分为前后2块 花蝇科 Anthomyiidae 触角芒羽状：C2+A1不伸达翅缘：M+2脉末端向上弯靠R+5脉：中胸背板无盾间沟. .蝇科 Muscidae 21触角芒光裸，或仅具微毛：体粗壮，多毛鬃：后盾片发达，凸出：腹部腹板被同节背板盖住：腹部尤其腹末多刚毛：幼虫主要奇生 于昆虫体内 .寄 触角芒羽状、半羽状：腹部至少第2节腹板外露， 不被同节背板侧缘盖住：幼虫有尸食、腐食、粪食和寄生·2 2触角芒全部羽毛状或栉状：背侧片上有背侧2根：M,脉急剧前弯，在转弯处无短脉伸出 丽蝇科 Calliphoridae ·触角芒基半部羽毛状，端半部光滑：背侧片上有背侧鬃4根：M,脉急刷前弯，在转弯处有1短肱伸出麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 三、常见科的主要特征和代表种类 (一)长角亚目Nematocera 1.大蚊Tipulidae 触角长丝状，有时锯齿状或栉状：中离背板有1个V形的后间缝：翅上常有斑纹，有9~12条纵伸达翅缘，A账2条：成虫不取 食。幼虫表皮粗榄， 入或突出，腹末常有6个肉质突起.常见种类：离斑指突短柄大Nephrotoma scalari parvinotata (Brunetti). A蚊 2.蚊科Culicidae(图66A) 成蚊的体和翅脉上被有鳞片：翅狭长，后缘有毛：雄虫触角环毛状。幼虫叫子孓，头大，胸部3节愈合，第8腹节背面有呼吸管， 第9腹节有4个向后突出的肛鳃及1从扇状毛刷。本科有许多重要卫生害虫。重要种类：中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann。 图67双翅目的触角
Trypetidae - 头部无下侧额鬃；触角芒一般羽状；翅无斑纹；Sc脉不陡然弯曲成直角，终止处距R1较接近；臀横脉不弯折；臀室不呈狭长锐角； 产卵器正常，不扁平，也不坚硬·········································································································· 果蝇科 Drosophilidae 19 下侧片裸，最多仅具短细的毛；翅侧片裸或仅具毛······························································································ 20 - 下侧片有弧形排列的鬃；翅侧片具鬃或毛··············································································································· 21 20 触角芒裸或具毛；Cu2+A1伸达翅后缘；M1+2脉直伸至翅缘，与R4+5脉平行或远离；中胸背板被盾间沟分为前后2块 花蝇科 Anthomyiidae - 触角芒羽状；Cu2+A1不伸达翅缘；M1+2脉末端向上弯靠R4+5脉；中胸背板无盾间沟········································ ········································································································································································ 蝇科 Muscidae 21 触角芒光裸，或仅具微毛；体粗壮，多毛鬃；后盾片发达，凸出；腹部腹板被同节背板盖住；腹部尤其腹末多刚毛；幼虫主要寄生 于昆虫体内······················································································································································· 寄 蝇科Tachinidae - 触角芒羽状、半羽状；腹部至少第2节腹板外露，不被同节背板侧缘盖住；幼虫有尸食、腐食、粪食和寄生·· 22 22 触角芒全部羽毛状或栉状；背侧片上有背侧鬃2根；M1脉急剧前弯，在转弯处无短脉伸出···························· ······························································································································································ 丽蝇科 Calliphoridae - 触角芒基半部羽毛状，端半部光滑；背侧片上有背侧鬃4根；M1脉急剧前弯，在转弯处有1短脉伸出 麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 三、常见科的主要特征和代表种类 （一）长角亚目Nematocera 1．大蚊科Tipulidae 触角长丝状，有时锯齿状或栉状；中胸背板有1个“V”形的盾间缝；翅上常有斑纹，有9～12条纵脉伸达翅缘，A脉2条；成虫不取 食。幼虫表皮粗糙，头缩入或突出，腹末通常有6个肉质突起。常见种类：离斑指突短柄大蚊Nephrotoma scalaris parvinotata (Brunetti)。 图66 双翅目的前翅 A.蚊科；B.摇蚊科；C.瘿蚊科 2．蚊科Culicidae（图66A） 成蚊的体和翅脉上被有鳞片；翅狭长，后缘有毛；雄虫触角环毛状。幼虫叫孑孓，头大，胸部3节愈合，第8腹节背面有呼吸管， 第9腹节有4个向后突出的肛鳃及1丛扇状毛刷。本科有许多重要卫生害虫。重要种类：中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann。 图67 双翅目的触角
A草蚊科：B.毛蚊科：C水虻科：D.虻科：E食虫虻科：下水虻科：G.丽蝇科：H寄蝇科 3.辑蚊科Chironomidae(图66B) 雕蚊触角丝状，雄蚊环毛状。 4德时利Cecidomviidae(图66C,68AB) 触角念珠状，轮生细毛：翅脉简单，纵脉3~5条：足胫节无距，谢节式5-5-5。幼虫组形，第3龄幼虫中胸腹板上有1个“Y形胸 骨。重要种类：稻瘿蚊Orseolia orvzae(Wood-Mason). 图68双目幼和端附节 A~B示蚊幼虫胸骨：C示食虫虻刚毛状爪突：D.示牛垫状爪突 (二)短角亚目Brachycera 5.虻科Tabanidae(图67D,68D) 头大呈半球形：触角鞭节分2~7个环节：虫接眼式，雌虫离眼式：口器刮吸式：上、下腋霜和翅均发达：翅中央有长六边形 的中室：R脉伸达翅的外缘：爪间突袋状。幼虫圆柱形，头小，体12节，各节有轮环状降起，尾端有一条呼吸管。代表种类：华广虹 Tabanus anidenus Walker. 6.食虫址科Asilidae(图67E,68C,69A) 体粗壮多毛鬃：触角鞭节端部有1一3节形成端刺：两复眼间凹陷：喙尖而坚硬：爪间突刚毛状或缺：R脉多伸达翅的外缘。幼虫 圆柱形，分节明显，胸部每节有侧腹毛1对，腹末节形状多变化。常见种类：中华食虫虻Cophinopoda chinensis Fabricius. 7.头蝇科Pipunculidae(图69B) 头部大，呈球形或半球形：复眼为接眼，几乎占据整个头部。触角第1~2节很小，第3节发达，末端钝圆或尖锐，上下两侧多有刚 毛。幼虫寄生于同翅目若虫体内。常见种类：黑尾叶蝉头蝇7 omosvaryella ory=aeoa(Koizumi., 8.食蚜蝇科Syrphidae(图70A) 形似蜂，腹节上常有黄黑相间的斑纹：R脉与M脉间有们支游离的伪脉：无额胞缝。幼虫体平滑或有圆维突起及刚毛，腹末有长的 呼吸管.常见种类：纤腰巴食蚜绳Baccha mc Walker
A.蕈蚊科；B.毛蚊科；C.水虻科；D.虻科；E.食虫虻科；F.水虻科；G.丽蝇科；H.寄蝇科 3．摇蚊科Chironomidae（图66B） 雌蚊触角丝状，雄蚊环毛状；口器退化；后盾片有1纵沟；C脉终止于翅顶附近；M脉2分支。幼虫细长，血液中含有血红素而呈红 色，叫红丝虫，其前胸与第9腹节各有1对伪足突起，肛门周围有2对血鳃。重要种类：羽摇蚊Chironomus plumosus (L.)。 4．瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae（图66C，68A～B） 触角念珠状，轮生细毛；翅脉简单，纵脉3～5条；足胫节无距，跗节式5-5-5。幼虫蛆形，第3龄幼虫中胸腹板上有1个“Y”形胸 骨。重要种类：稻瘿蚊Orseolia oryzae (Wood-Mason)。 图68 双翅目幼虫和端跗节 A～B.示瘿蚊幼虫胸骨；C.示食虫虻刚毛状爪间突；D.示牛虻垫状爪间突 （二）短角亚目Brachycera 5．虻科Tabanidae（图67D，68D） 头大呈半球形；触角鞭节分2～7个环节；雄虫接眼式，雌虫离眼式；口器刮吸式；上、下腋瓣和翅瓣均发达；翅中央有长六边形 的中室；R5脉伸达翅的外缘；爪间突垫状。幼虫圆柱形，头小，体12节，各节有轮环状隆起，尾端有一条呼吸管。代表种类：华广虻 Tabanus amaenus Walker。 6．食虫虻科Asilidae（图67E，68C，69A） 体粗壮多毛鬃；触角鞭节端部有1～3节形成端刺；两复眼间凹陷；喙尖而坚硬；爪间突刚毛状或缺；R5脉多伸达翅的外缘。幼虫 圆柱形，分节明显，胸部每节有侧腹毛1对，腹末节形状多变化。常见种类：中华食虫虻Cophinopoda chinensis Fabricius。 图69 双翅目分科 A.食虫虻科；B.头蝇科 （三）环裂亚目Cyclorrhapha 7．头蝇科Pipunculidae（图69B） 头部大，呈球形或半球形；复眼为接眼，几乎占据整个头部。触角第1～2节很小，第3节发达，末端钝圆或尖锐，上下两侧多有刚 毛。幼虫寄生于同翅目若虫体内。常见种类：黑尾叶蝉头蝇Tomosvaryella oryzaetora (Koizumi)。 8．食蚜蝇科Syrphidae（图70A） 形似蜂，腹节上常有黄黑相间的斑纹；R脉与M脉间有1支游离的伪脉；无额胞缝。幼虫体平滑或有圆锥突起及刚毛，腹末有长的 呼吸管。常见种类：纤腰巴食蚜蝇Baccha maculata Walker
00 触角芒光滑或有细毛：翅上常有褐色或黄色雾状斑纹：前缘脉有切口2个：SC脉末端向前缘直角弯折：R脉3分支，M脉2分支：臀 室末端成1个锐角：雌虫腹末数节成细的产卵管。幼虫多生活在各种果实中。重要种类：柑橘大实蝇tradacus citi(Chen)。 10.果蝇科Drosophilide 体小，淡黄色：复眼常红色：触角第3节椭圆或圆形，芒羽状：中衡背板有2一10列规则排列的刚毛：前缘脉有切口2个，有聘室。 幼虫每节有小形钩刺的图。著名实验是虫：黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen。 My+Cu zidac(图71B】 体小，淡黑或淡黄色：C脉在Sc脉末端或接近于R脉处有1折断：S脉末端变弱，止于脉折断处，或在伸达C脉之前与R]脉合并： I2.秆蝇科Chlo 体小或微小，黑色或黄色有黑斑：前缘脉有切口1个，Sc脉缺或端部退化：Cu脉中部略弯折：无臂室。幼虫体短，前气门位于两 侧，小而长。重要种类：麦轩蝇Meromyza saltatriz(L, Sc Se R A Cu+2A Cu,+2A +2 M,+Cu, A奇蝇科：B蝇科 13.花蝇科Anthomviidae(图72C) 体小至中形，常为灰黑色：触角芒光滞或有羽毛：中胸背板被盾间沟分为前后2块：翅被瓣大，翅脉直，伸达翅的边缘，M脉不 向前弯曲：可见腹节4一5节.幼虫腹部体节的末端、侧面和背面有6一7个刺状突起。重要种类：灰地种蝇Delia。)
图70 食蚜蝇科 A～D.成虫；E.卵；F～I.幼虫 9．实蝇科Trypetidae（图71A） 触角芒光滑或有细毛；翅上常有褐色或黄色雾状斑纹；前缘脉有切口2个；Sc脉末端向前缘直角弯折；R脉3分支，M脉2分支；臀 室末端成1个锐角；雌虫腹末数节成细的产卵管。幼虫多生活在各种果实中。重要种类：柑橘大实蝇Tetradacus citri (Chen)。 10．果蝇科Drosophilidae 体小，淡黄色；复眼常红色；触角第3节椭圆或圆形，芒羽状；中胸背板有2～10列规则排列的刚毛；前缘脉有切口2个，有臀室。 幼虫每节有小形钩刺的圈。著名实验昆虫：黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen。 图71 双翅目分科 A.实蝇科前翅；B.潜蝇科前翅 11．潜蝇科Agromyzidae（图71B） 体小，淡黑或淡黄色；C脉在Sc脉末端或接近于R1脉处有1折断；Sc脉末端变弱，止于脉折断处，或在伸达C脉之前与R1脉合并； 有臀室；雌虫第7节长而骨化，不能伸缩。幼虫体侧有很多微小的色点，前气门1对，着生在前胸近背中线处，互相接近。重要种类： 美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard。 12．秆蝇科Chloropidae 体小或微小，黑色或黄色有黑斑；前缘脉有切口1个；Sc脉缺或端部退化；Cu脉中部略弯折；无臀室。幼虫体短，前气门位于两 侧，小而长。重要种类：麦秆蝇Meromyza saltatrix (L.)。 图72 双翅目的前翅 A.寄蝇科；B.蝇科；C.花蝇科；D.蝇科（Fannia sp.） 13．花蝇科Anthomyiidae（图72C） 体小至中形，常为灰黑色；触角芒光滑或有羽毛；中胸背板被盾间沟分为前后2块；翅腋瓣大，翅脉直，伸达翅的边缘，M1脉不 向前弯曲；可见腹节4～5节。幼虫腹部体节的末端、侧面和背面有6～7个刺状突起。重要种类：灰地种蝇Delia platura (Meigen)
14.蝇科Muscidae(图72B,D) 触角芒羽毛状：喙肉质，唇瓣发达：M,脉明显向前弯曲：1A脉不伸达翅缘：胸背具黑色纵条。幼虫腹面有足状突起，前气门左右 各有6~8个突起，后气门1对，半圆形，每气门有3个裂口呈放射状排列。重要卫生害虫：舍蝇Musca domestica vicina Macquart。 15.丽蝇科Calliphoridae(图67G) 体常有蓝、绿、黄、铜等金属颜色：触角芒羽毛状或栉状：喙肉质，唇瓣发达：背侧片上有背侧鬃2根：M脉成角状向前弯曲。 幼虫第8~l0腹节有乳状突。著名种类：螺旋蝇Cochliomyia hominivorax(Coquerel)。 16.麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 体常灰色：触角芒基半羽毛状，端半光滑无毛：中胸背板上有暗色纵纹：腹背有银色斑纹：背侧片上有背侧鬃4根。幼虫体上有许 多肉质突起。常见种类：宽角折麻蝇Blaesoxipha laticorni心Meigen。 17.寄蝇科Tachinidae(图67H,72A,73) 体粗壮多毛鬃：触角芒光滑无毛：后盾片发达，呈圆形突起，从侧面看特别明显。幼虫前气门小，后气门显著。寄生于鳞翅目、 鞘翅目、直翅目等昆虫的幼虫和蛹。常见种类：蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zibina(Walker)。 trs- psel npl pl hal stpl ol: 图73寄蝇科的胸部示后盾片 psc后盾片：cx1前足基节：cX2中足基节：cx3后足基节：sC2中胸小盾片：pl1前胸侧板： pl2中胸侧板：pl3后胸侧板 作业与思考题 1.绘食蚜蝇、实蝇和家蝇前翅脉序图，并注明各翅脉的名称。 2.根椐以下昆虫的形态特征，编写1条二项式检索表：大蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，食蚜蝇，家蝇，潜蝇，寄蝇和实蝇
14．蝇科Muscidae（图72B，D） 触角芒羽毛状；喙肉质，唇瓣发达；M1脉明显向前弯曲；1A脉不伸达翅缘；胸背具黑色纵条。幼虫腹面有足状突起，前气门左右 各有6～8个突起，后气门1对，半圆形，每气门有3个裂口呈放射状排列。重要卫生害虫：舍蝇Musca domestica vicina Macquart。 15．丽蝇科Calliphoridae（图67G） 体常有蓝、绿、黄、铜等金属颜色；触角芒羽毛状或栉状；喙肉质，唇瓣发达；背侧片上有背侧鬃2根；M1脉成角状向前弯曲。 幼虫第8～10腹节有乳状突。著名种类：螺旋蝇Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel)。 16．麻蝇科Sarcophagidae 体常灰色；触角芒基半羽毛状，端半光滑无毛；中胸背板上有暗色纵纹；腹背有银色斑纹；背侧片上有背侧鬃4根。幼虫体上有许 多肉质突起。常见种类：宽角折麻蝇Blaesoxipha laticornis Meigen。 17．寄蝇科Tachinidae（图67H，72A，73） 体粗壮多毛鬃；触角芒光滑无毛；后盾片发达，呈圆形突起，从侧面看特别明显。幼虫前气门小，后气门显著。寄生于鳞翅目、 鞘翅目、直翅目等昆虫的幼虫和蛹。常见种类：蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zibina (Walker)。 图73 寄蝇科的胸部示后盾片 pscl后盾片；cx1前足基节；cx2中足基节；cx3后足基节；scl2中胸小盾片；pl1前胸侧板； pl2中胸侧板；pl3后胸侧板 作业与思考题 1．绘食蚜蝇、实蝇和家蝇前翅脉序图，并注明各翅脉的名称。 2．根椐以下昆虫的形态特征，编写1条二项式检索表：大蚊，瘿蚊，牛虻，食虫虻，食蚜蝇，家蝇，潜蝇，寄蝇和实蝇