只特超日幼虫常见科和字报重要科的特任。 目的 一、分科特征 内容与方法 三参紧生的。上场是者供短在E代。足因，自生酒新儿华上毛床度实家，要香n学 鳞翅日幼虫分科检索表 2 .3 2每个体节有6一9个皱环：腹足左右塞近：趾物双序中带 每个体节有2一3个装环：腹足左右分开 4 4体上多枝刺 5 ,体上无枝刻 .7 5体始型：服足无钩：体枝刺上有毒刻和棘刺两种刺毛 ·刺蛾科Eucleidae .6 大蚕线科Staurniida心 8 ,体上无长密毛或长毛从 .10 ?修整玉软久本年长整一痘。无图缩最：前离气门上有2一3个毛南：两足塔都有片我毛。鞋询为单序中香灯骏科A心dc .9 9胸部青面常有毛：腹部第 ~7节或仅第7节背中央有翻缩腺：趾钩单序中带 1 前胸背部前缘无臭丫酸 12腹足2对，分别位于第6和第10节上 ,尺镜科Geometridae 13肛门常有所或具3对以上 14 肛门上无臀物 16 弄蝶科Hesperiidae 15 15头部每6个单 16腹足趾钩排成环 ,缺环或横品 17 腹足趾钩排成中 2 是上的趾钩较少或仅留痕迹 .19 18趾陶多双序或三序，少数单序，排列成环、缺环或带：前胸L毛2根或1根 趾钩为单序环：前胸侧毛2根：趾钩单序环
目 的 认识鳞翅目幼虫常见科和掌握重要科的特征。 材 料 麦蛾、细蛾、潜蛾、菜蛾、袋蛾、刺蛾、卷蛾、螟蛾、枯叶蛾、天蛾、尺蛾、夜蛾、灯蛾、毒蛾、大蚕蛾、蚕蛾、弄蝶、粉蝶、凤蝶、眼蝶、 蛱蝶和斑蝶等幼虫，蛹的类型，以及本次实验各科的示范标本。 内容与方法 一、分科特征 主要包括幼虫的类型，上唇的是否缺切和形状，腹足对数、着生位置和趾钩的排列，体上的毛序、枝刺突和腺体，以及臀栉等。 二、分科检索表 鳞翅目幼虫分科检索表 1 第8腹节背面有1个尾角········································································································································ 2 - 第8腹节背面无尾角 ················································································································································· 3 2 每个体节有6～9个皱环；腹足左右靠近；趾钩双序中带······················································ 天蛾科Sphingidae - 每个体节有2～3个皱环；腹足左右分开················································································ 蚕蛾科Bombycidae 3 臀足常退化或特化为枝状并常有腺体翻出；栖息时首尾翘起如舟形······························· 舟蛾科Notodontidae - 臀足不特化为枝状；栖息时首尾不翘起，或仅头部翘起····················································································· 4 4 体上多枝刺 ································································································································································ 5 - 体上无枝刺 ································································································································································· 7 5 体蛞蝓型；腹足无趾钩；体背枝刺上有毒刺和棘刺两种刺毛·················································· 刺蛾科Eucleidae - 体不为蛞蝓型；腹足有趾钩；体背枝刺上无毒刺································································································· 6 6 体细长；头部常有突起；趾钩多为三序中带，少数单序或双序········································ 蛱蝶科Nymphalidae - 体粗壮；头部无突起；趾钩双序中带···················································································· 大蚕蛾科Staurniidae 7 体上被有长密毛或长毛丛 ········································································································································ 8 - 体上无长密毛或长毛丛 ··········································································································································· 10 8 体较柔软；次生刚毛长短较一致；无翻缩腺；前胸气门上有2～3个毛瘤；胸足端部有片状毛。趾钩为单序中带 灯蛾科Arctiidae - 体粗壮；次生刚毛长短不齐 ····································································································································· 9 9 胸部背面常有毛簇；腹部第6～7节或仅第7节背中央有翻缩腺；趾钩单序中带············································ ·························································································································································· 毒蛾科 Lymantriidae - 前胸足的上方有l～2对突起，其上毛簇特别长；腹部第6或第7节背中央无翻缩腺；趾钩为双序中带或缺环 枯叶蛾科Lasiocampidae 10 头部分2叶或有角；前胸颈状；腹部第10节背板分叉；趾钩单序、双序或三序中带···································· ································································································································································ 眼蝶 科Satyridae - 头部不分叉也无角；腹部第10节背板完整，不分叉························································································· 11 11 前胸背部前缘具分叉的臭丫腺；趾钩为双序或三序中带······················································ 凤蝶科Papilionidae - 前胸背部前缘无臭丫腺 ··········································································································································· 12 12 腹足2对，分别位于第6和第10腹节上··············································································· 尺蛾科Geometridae - 腹足完全退化，或具3对以上······························································································································· 13 13 肛门上常有臀栉 ······················································································································································ 14 - 肛门上无臀栉 ··························································································································································· 16 14 头大，前胸小，呈颈状；趾钩为双序或三序环状；常缀叶取食·········································· 弄蝶科Hesperiidae - 头和前胸正常，前胸不收缩成颈状······················································································································· 15 15 头部每侧有6个单眼；趾钩单序、双序或三序环状································································ 卷蛾科Tortricidae - 头部每侧有4～6个单眼；趾钩为双序缺环或二横带······························································ 麦蛾科Gelechiidae 16 腹足趾钩排成环、缺环或横带······························································································································ 17 - 腹足趾钩排成中带 ··················································································································································· 21 17 前胸侧毛2根，如仅1根，则前胸气门退化或缺······························································································ 18 - 前胸侧毛3根，如仅1根，则栖于鞘囊内或腹足上的趾钩较少或仅留痕迹··················································· 19 18 趾钩多双序或三序，少数单序，排列成环、缺环或横带；前胸L毛2根或1根·············································· ································································································································································ 螟蛾 科Pyralidae - 趾钩为单序环；前胸侧毛2根；趾钩单序环·············································································· 翼蛾科Alucitidae
加 分gq6: g% 年 .绝 033中o女 A.刺科：B蚊科 .20 21趾陶单序 2 ,胜陶双序成三序 .23 22体细长，无佩条纹：前胸气门前下方的前胸侧毛3根 科Pterophoridae 体租壮常有纵条纹：前衡气门前下方的前胸侧毛2根或1：中足和后足上毛片仅具1毛：部分种类腹郎第1或第1~2腹节上的腹足 .夜蛾 灰科 yc的的列是连的 .24 24体色显著，常鲜艳：体光：中胸具肉质丝状突起，其它体竹特别是第8腹也常具此种突起 .斑蝶科 .多理色武黄色：作节多策环，环上分布有小哭起和次生毛：休上无内质丝软夹起：两服部每节有4~6个皱环碧姓得P: 作业与思考题
图65 鳞翅目的幼虫 A.刺蛾科；B.潜蛾科；C.舟蛾科；D.尺蛾科；E.蚕蛾科；F.凤蝶科； G.枯叶蛾科；H.大蚕蛾科；I.卷蛾科 19 前胸侧毛位于前胸盾上；幼虫栖息于袋囊内············································································· 蓑蛾科Psychidae - 前胸侧毛不位于前胸盾上，独立位于气门之前··································································································· 20 20 腹足远比胸足短；趾钩单序环；前胸侧毛组各毛远离；体长小于10 mm··························· 潜蛾科Lyonetiidae - 腹足与胸足等长；趾钩为双序缺环或单序环；体长常大于10 mm········································· 菜蛾科Plutellidae 21 趾钩单序 ·································································································································································· 22 - 趾钩双序或三序 ······················································································································································· 23 22 体细长，无纵条纹；前胸气门前下方的前胸侧毛3根······················································· 羽蛾科Pterophoridae - 体粗壮，常有纵条纹；前胸气门前下方的前胸侧毛2根或1根；中足和后足上毛片仅具1毛；部分种类腹部第1或第1～2腹节上的腹足退 化 ························································································································································ 夜蛾 科Noctuidae 23 中带的趾钩是中断的，近趾钩列的中部有1个肉质呈匙状的构造；体宽扁，蛞蝓型······································ ······························································································································································ 灰蝶科 Lycaenidse - 中带的趾钩列是连续的 ··········································································································································· 24 24 体色显著，常鲜艳；体光滑；中胸具肉质丝状突起，其它体节特别是第8腹节也常具此种突起·················· ························································································································································· 斑蝶科 Danaidae - 体多绿色或黄色；体节多皱环，环上分布有小突起和次生毛；体上无肉质丝状突起；胸腹部每节有4～6个皱环 粉蝶科Pieridae 作业与思考题 1．根据以上的检索表，将老师编号的标本鉴定到科。 2．为什么说鳞翅目是为害农作物害虫的第1大目