1%kAttitud好 337 TABLE9.1 ASample of the Effects of Events and Agents on Job Satisfaction SOURCE d Events or conditions Wkitsef:challenge Mentally alengngkthat the indiidual can sucesyaccomplishis satisfying Wark itself:physical demand Tirng wrk is dissatng Mork itselt ge都onal interes红t Personally interesting work is satistying Reward structure Just and informative rewards for perfommancer Working conditions physical Satisfaction depends on the math betweenwrngandphcd Warking conditions goal attainment Working conditions that facilitate goal attainment are satisying. 与anb Sel High self esteem is conducive to job satisfaction. Seperviso然，-worke蓝bcd钻 Individuals will be satisfied wth colleagues who help them attain rewards rdd当wb比5ied台colleag名who see things the samew海hy包 Company and management Individuals will be sasedh companies that hve polidesand procdures designed he中he individuattd Individuaswill betsfedthconcngrosoessed by company,management,or both Frnge benefts Benefitsd not have a stronginuenenjobsatforstws N:The interested reader is directed toLocke's(197)review for a more detaled peesentation of these condusns Similar analyses were made for virtually every aspect of work imaginable-work challenge, quality of supervision,company policies,and various aspects of the physical work environ. ment,even including the use of stereo headsets by workers(Oldham.Cummings,Mischel. Schmidtke,Thou.1995). Locke (1976;Locke Henne,1986)presented an exhaustive review of many of the pre- cursors of job satisfaction that have been examined.Table 9.1,which provides a summary of a sample of these investigations,is interesting for two reasons.First,it provides a good summary of some general factors that appear to lead to satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Second,it is equally interesting for what it does not identify as an antecedent to job satisfac. tion,but remember,this is a table created from elements of the 20th century.In the 21st century,we would probably add a number of additional variables,including the following: Concern for job security (Probst.2003) The extent to which an organization appears to be time-urgent(Francis-Smythe Robertson,2003) Satisfaction with the rate of job changes in an organization(van Dam,2005) Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction(Ensher,Grant-Vallone, Donaldson,2001) Attitudes toward a multicultural workplace Satisfaction with production models such as Six Sigma,which is discussed in Chapter 14 Issues such as these would not have been contemplated in 1920,or 1950,or even 1980.But they are part of the work landscape today.In evaluating work and jobs today,various popu- lar press outlets regularly publish lists of the best and worst jobs.Box9.1 discusses some of the worst jobs in the sports world